CH24.6-24.10
Which hormone is secreted when chyme, expecially when it's rich in lipids and partially digested proteins, enters the duodenum
CCK
Which of the following is not associated with aging
Increase in smooth muscle tone leading to stronger peristaltic contractions
What is perhaps the most important function of the large intestine?
Water reabsorption
The primary functions of intestinal juices include which of the following
all are correct
Which of the following are NOT absorbed in the large intestine?
all are correct
The reflex that occurs in the rectum and promotes the movement of feces toward the anus is the
defecation reflex
The muscular sphincter that guards the opening between the ileum and the cecum is the
ileocecal valve
The hormone gastrin __________.
increases the activity of the parietal and chief cells
The two positive-feedback loops involved in the defecation reflex are
the stretch receptors in the rectal walls and the sacral parasympathetic system
The small, slender structure that is attached to the large intestine and is suffused with lymphoid nodules is the
appendix
Which of the following is NOT a region of the small intestine
cecum
Triglycerides coated with proteins create complexes known as
chylomicrons
The numerous transverse folds in the small intestine that serve to increase the surface area for absorption are the
circular folds (plicae cicrulares)
The intestinal epithelium absorbs monosaccharides via
facilitated diffusion and cotransport mechanisms
What component of the food would increase the number of chylomicrons in the lacteals
fats
When two fluids are separated by a selectively permeable membrane, water tends to flow into the fluid that has the __________.
higher concentration of solutes
All of the following enzymes are produced in the pancreas except
pepsin
What are the pouches that give the colon its typical appearance
Haustra
What body system is NOT adversely affected by inadequate calcium absorption
Integumentary system
Why is diarrhea potentially life-threatening
Loss of water and electrolytes
Which of the following statements regarding digestive enzymes is not true
Minerals are produced from the enzymatic breakdown of proteins.
Which of the following does NOT digest proteins
Nuclease
Which of the following does NOT digest carbohydrates
Pancreatic lipase
Which of the following enzymes is active at the lowest pH
Pepsin
which of the following is not true of the microbiome
Produce vitamin C
Which of the following is NOT an effect of advancing age on the digestive system
Stronger peristaltic contractions, resulting in diarrhea
Which mineral requires calcitriol and PTH for its absorption by the digestive tract
Ca2+
Which macromolecules begin being digested in the oral cavity
Carbohydrates and lipids
What is the correct sequence of parts in the colon moving from the small intestine to the anus
Cecum; ascending colon; transverse colon; descending colon; sigmoid colon; rectum
There are some obvious bends in the colon that you don't see in the small intestine. What are the names of these bends
Flexures
Which of the following is not an enzyme found in the brush border of the intestinal microvilli
Fructase
Which peptide hormone causes the secretion of insulin from the pancreatic islets?
GIP
Which of the following molecules are directly absorbed into the intestinal mucosa without the need for ATP
Vitamin D
Each day, the digestive system secretes approximately _____ liters of fluid into the digestive tract
7.2
What is the average composition of fecal waste material
75 percent water, 5 percent bacteria, and 20 percent indigestible materials, inorganic matter, and epithelial remains
Which of the following is NOT a fat-soluble vitamin
C
Which of the following is not true regarding water soluble vitamins
All water-soluble vitamins are easily absorbed across the digestive epithelium
Why are older people sometimes subjected to recurring episodes of constipation
Decreased smooth muscle tone
What is the main stimulus that triggers the defecation reflex?
Distension of the rectum
How does the mucosa of the distal rectum compare with that of the colon and the cecum?
The colon and the cecum are lined with a simple columnar epithelium for absorption, whereas the distal rectum is lined with a stratified squamous epithelium because the rectum is next to the opening to the exterior of the bodyHow does the mucosa of the distal rectum compare with that of the colon and the cecum?
Which of the following interactions is not true
The integumentary system provides vitamin B needed for the absorption of calcium and phosphorus
The primary effect of secretin is to
The primary effect of secretin is to
What is the hormone secreted by the small intestine that dilates capillaries in the small intestine area
VIP
The plicae of the intestinal mucosa, which bears the intestinal villi, are structural features that
increase the total surface area for absorption
Fatty acids and lipids are absorbed into the ____________ found in each villus of the small intestine.
lacteal
Which of the following produces, on a daily basis, the least number of the peristaltic contractions that force food through the digestive tract
large intestine
Villikinin, motilin, and somatostatin are produced in the
small intestine
The enzyme lactase, which breaks down lactose into glucose and galactose, is secreted by
the brush border of the small intestine
The nutrients that can be absorbed without preliminary preparation but that may require special transport mechanisms are
water, electrolytes, and vitamins