CH24.6-24.10

Which hormone is secreted when chyme, expecially when it's rich in lipids and partially digested proteins, enters the duodenum

CCK

Which of the following is not associated with aging

Increase in smooth muscle tone leading to stronger peristaltic contractions

What is perhaps the most important function of the large intestine?

Water reabsorption

The primary functions of intestinal juices include which of the following

all are correct

Which of the following are NOT absorbed in the large intestine?

all are correct

The reflex that occurs in the rectum and promotes the movement of feces toward the anus is the

defecation reflex

The muscular sphincter that guards the opening between the ileum and the cecum is the

ileocecal valve

The hormone gastrin __________.

increases the activity of the parietal and chief cells

The two positive-feedback loops involved in the defecation reflex are

the stretch receptors in the rectal walls and the sacral parasympathetic system

The small, slender structure that is attached to the large intestine and is suffused with lymphoid nodules is the

appendix

Which of the following is NOT a region of the small intestine

cecum

Triglycerides coated with proteins create complexes known as

chylomicrons

The numerous transverse folds in the small intestine that serve to increase the surface area for absorption are the

circular folds (plicae cicrulares)

The intestinal epithelium absorbs monosaccharides via

facilitated diffusion and cotransport mechanisms

What component of the food would increase the number of chylomicrons in the lacteals

fats

When two fluids are separated by a selectively permeable membrane, water tends to flow into the fluid that has the __________.

higher concentration of solutes

All of the following enzymes are produced in the pancreas except

pepsin

What are the pouches that give the colon its typical appearance

Haustra

What body system is NOT adversely affected by inadequate calcium absorption

Integumentary system

Why is diarrhea potentially life-threatening

Loss of water and electrolytes

Which of the following statements regarding digestive enzymes is not true

Minerals are produced from the enzymatic breakdown of proteins.

Which of the following does NOT digest proteins

Nuclease

Which of the following does NOT digest carbohydrates

Pancreatic lipase

Which of the following enzymes is active at the lowest pH

Pepsin

which of the following is not true of the microbiome

Produce vitamin C

Which of the following is NOT an effect of advancing age on the digestive system

Stronger peristaltic contractions, resulting in diarrhea

Which mineral requires calcitriol and PTH for its absorption by the digestive tract

Ca2+

Which macromolecules begin being digested in the oral cavity

Carbohydrates and lipids

What is the correct sequence of parts in the colon moving from the small intestine to the anus

Cecum; ascending colon; transverse colon; descending colon; sigmoid colon; rectum

There are some obvious bends in the colon that you don't see in the small intestine. What are the names of these bends

Flexures

Which of the following is not an enzyme found in the brush border of the intestinal microvilli

Fructase

Which peptide hormone causes the secretion of insulin from the pancreatic islets?

GIP

Which of the following molecules are directly absorbed into the intestinal mucosa without the need for ATP

Vitamin D

Each day, the digestive system secretes approximately _____ liters of fluid into the digestive tract

7.2

What is the average composition of fecal waste material

75 percent water, 5 percent bacteria, and 20 percent indigestible materials, inorganic matter, and epithelial remains

Which of the following is NOT a fat-soluble vitamin

C

Which of the following is not true regarding water soluble vitamins

All water-soluble vitamins are easily absorbed across the digestive epithelium

Why are older people sometimes subjected to recurring episodes of constipation

Decreased smooth muscle tone

What is the main stimulus that triggers the defecation reflex?

Distension of the rectum

How does the mucosa of the distal rectum compare with that of the colon and the cecum?

The colon and the cecum are lined with a simple columnar epithelium for absorption, whereas the distal rectum is lined with a stratified squamous epithelium because the rectum is next to the opening to the exterior of the bodyHow does the mucosa of the distal rectum compare with that of the colon and the cecum?

Which of the following interactions is not true

The integumentary system provides vitamin B needed for the absorption of calcium and phosphorus

The primary effect of secretin is to

The primary effect of secretin is to

What is the hormone secreted by the small intestine that dilates capillaries in the small intestine area

VIP

The plicae of the intestinal mucosa, which bears the intestinal villi, are structural features that

increase the total surface area for absorption

Fatty acids and lipids are absorbed into the ____________ found in each villus of the small intestine.

lacteal

Which of the following produces, on a daily basis, the least number of the peristaltic contractions that force food through the digestive tract

large intestine

Villikinin, motilin, and somatostatin are produced in the

small intestine

The enzyme lactase, which breaks down lactose into glucose and galactose, is secreted by

the brush border of the small intestine

The nutrients that can be absorbed without preliminary preparation but that may require special transport mechanisms are

water, electrolytes, and vitamins