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The secondary function of the DCT to reabsorb sodium is controlled by the hormone(s)

aldosterone.

The parietal and visceral epithelia of the glomerular capsule are separated by (the)

capsular space.

Damage to the renal medulla would interfere first with the functioning of the

collecting ducts.

ADH acts mostly on the

collecting system.

Which of the following is a function of the glomerular capsule?

collecting the filtrate from the glomerulus

The last part of the renal tubule is the

distal convoluted tubule.

Blood exits the nephron via

efferent arteriole.

Urine is formed in the

kidney.

Tall cells of the DCT near the vascular pole are called (the)

macula densa.

The large passageways into which the minor calyces empty are the

major calyces.

Cells found between the capillary endothelium and the glomerular epithelium that are important in regulating glomerular blood flow are the

mesangial cells.

After draining through the collecting system, tubular fluid enters (the)

minor calyx.

The best diagnostic test to determine whether or not a person has a kidney stone is

pyelogram

Age-related changes in the urinary system include

reduced sensitivity to ADH

Voluntary urination involves

relaxing the external sphincter and compressing the urinary bladder.

Each kidney ultimately receives blood from

renal arteries.

The primary function of the distal convoluted tubule is

secretion.

Most often, the kidney is confused with the ________ when viewed superficially.

spleen

The structure directly opposite the vascular pole of the glomerulus is the

tubular pole.

Urine is carried to the exterior of the body by the

urethra

In juxtamedullary nephrons, the efferent arterioles and peritubular capillaries are connected to a long, slender series of capillaries that accompany the nephron loops into the medulla. These are (the)

vasa recta.

The main homeostatic function that occurs as a result of the work of the nephron loop is

water and salt conservation.

An obstruction in the glomerulus would increase the blood pressure in the

afferent arteriole.

The thick ascending limb functions to

secrete drugs.

The parts of the urethra in the male, in correct order from the bladder to the exterior, are: (1) urachus (2) spongy urethra (3) dysuria (4) membranous urethra (5) prostatic urethra

5,4,2 prostatic urethra, membranous urethra, spongy urethra

Which area of the nephron completely lacks microvilli and is under hormonal control for the reabsorption of sodium?

DCT

The mechanism whereby benign enlargement of the prostate affects urinary function in older men includes which of the following?

It may compress the prostatic urethra.

Kidneys are often difficult to see without dissection because they are surrounded by a layer of fat. What is the significance of this fat?

It provides cushioning or padding for protection from sudden jolts or other injuries.

In the renal pelvis, fluid processing includes

None of the answers are correct

The filtrate that escapes from the glomerular capillaries includes which of the following?

a fluid similar to plasma, but without the blood proteins

Compared to the PCT, the DCT has

a smaller lumen.

The blood vessels at the boundary of the cortex and medulla of the kidney are the

arcuate artery and vein.

The ureters

are retroperitoneal.

The muscle responsible for stopping the micturition reflex and allowing a person to stop voiding is the

external urethral sphincter.

The glomerulus is made up of many

fenestrated capillaries.

The gaps between the pedicles of the podocytes are called (the)

filtration slits.

A glomerulus

is a capillary knot contained within the renal corpuscle.

The position of the kidneys in the abdominal cavity is maintained, in part, by (the)

overlying peritoneum.

Which of the following drains into the minor calyx?

papillary duct

Urine reaches the urinary bladder by

peristalsis

Urine leaves the renal pelvis and enters the ureter because of

peristalsis of the ureters.

The fluid outside the renal tubule is called

peritubular fluid.

A nephron has two parts:

renal corpuscle and renal tubules.

The expanded end of the nephron is the

renal corpuscle.

The glomerular capsule and the glomerulus make up the

renal corpuscle.

The kidneys are innervated by the

renal nerves.

The kidneys are located

retroperitoneally

Which of the following sits atop the kidneys?

suprarenal glands

Damage, disease, or irritation of the renal cortex would impair the function of which kidney structures?

the nephron units