Ch.29 Test Bank
The first trimester does not include which of the following events?
Development of complete organ systems
Which of the following statements about labor is false?
During a cesarean section, a cut is made in the perineal muscles to allow the uterus to be opened enough to permit the passage of the baby's head.
Each of the following statements concerning gastrulation is true except one. Identify the exception.
During gastrulation, the deep layer becomes the ectoderm.
Which of the following changes in organ systems does not occur as the result of aging?
Increased hormone production and sensitivity to hormones
Which of the following statements about amniocentesis is ?
None of the above.
Which of the following statements about fertilization is false?
Normal fertilization occurs in the body of the uterus.
Which of the following would not be a physiological effect on the mother's body during pregnancy?
Nutrient and vitamin needs increase 80%-100%.
The normal male genotype is __________, and the normal female genotype is __________.
XY; XX
Embryogenesis is the process that establishes the foundation for:
all the major organ systems
The extraembryonic membrane that gives rise to the urinary bladder is the:
allantois
The extraembryonic membrane that begins as an outpocketing of endoderm and whose base gives rise to the urinary bladder is the
allantois.
During implantation the inner cell mass of the blastocyst separates from the trophoblast, creating a fluid-filled chamber called the:
amniotic cavity
The fusion of male and female pronuclei is an event termed:
amphimixis
The amnion contains contributions from the __________ germ cell layer(s).
ectoderm and mesoderm
Embryologic development:
ends two months after conception
If albinism is a recessive trait, and an albino mother and a normal father with the genotype AA have an offspring, the child will:
have normal coloration
For a given trait, if the possibilities are indicated by Aa, the individual is:
heterozygous
For a given trait, if the possibilities are indicated by AA, the individual is:
homozygous dominant
For a given trait, if the possibilities are indicated by aa, the individual is:
homozygous recessive
Home pregnancy tests detect the presence of
human chorionic gonadotropin.
An ectopic pregnancy refers to:
implantation occurring somewhere other than within the uterus
The stages in labor do not include
implantation.
Which of the following is not an effect of aging on organ systems?
increase in peripheral blood flow
At the time of ovulation, the secondary oocyte leaving the follicle
is in metaphase II of meiosis.
A gene's position on a chromosome is termed the:
locus
If one female X chromosome of an allele pair contains sex-linked character for color blindness, the individual would be:
normal
Delivery of the fetus is known as
parturition.
During fertilization, the process of cortical reaction is important in:
preventing penetration by additional sperm
The stretching of the myometrium during gestation is associated with a gradual increase in the:
rates of spontaneous smooth muscle contractions
The first meiotic division:
reduces the number of chromosomes from 46 to 23
If an allele is dominant, it will be expressed in the phenotype:
regardless of any conflicting instructions carried by the other allele
As development proceeds, the differentiation of other embryonic cells is affected by small zygotic cells that:
release RNA, polypeptides, and small proteins
The systems that were relatively nonfunctional during the fetus's prenatal period that must become functional at birth are the:
respiratory, digestive, and excretory systems
Organs and organ systems complete most of their development during the:
second trimester
Prostaglandins in the endometrium:
stimulate smooth muscle contractions
The umbilical cord or umbilical stalk contains:
the allantois, blood vessels, and yolk stalk
Exchange between the embryonic and maternal circulations occurs by diffusion across the syncytial and cellular trophoblast layers via:
the chorionic blood vessels
The formation of extraembryonic membranes occurs in the correct sequential steps, which include:
yolk sac, amnion, allantois, and chorion
During embryonic development, __________ primary germ cell layers develop.
three
Labor has traditionally been divided into __________ stages.
three
The term inheritance refers to the:
transfer of genetically determined characteristics form generation to generation
Gestation can be divided into __________, each about three months long.
trimesters
A person who is heterozygous for a trait has
two different alleles for a given gene.
In the event of "fraternal" or dizygotic twins:
two separate eggs are ovulated and fertilized
Infancy lasts until a child is _________ ______old.
two years
The extraembryonic membranes that develop from the endoderm and mesoderm are:
yolk sac and amnion
Before gestation, the uterus weighs about
1 oz
In general, a male with a sperm count of less than __________ million per milliliter is considered infertile.
20
Sterility in males may result from a sperm count of less that:
20 million sperm/mL
At the end of gestation, the uterus may weigh __________ lb.
22
The total number of genes in human DNA, as identified by the Human Genome Project, is:
25,000 to 30,000
The normal chromosome complement of a typical somatic, or body, cell is:
46
The zygote contains __________ chromosomes.
46
Which of the following is produced by the placenta?
All of the above
Which of the following statements about Down syndrome is ?
All of the above.
Each of the following contributes to the onset of labor contractions except one. Identify the exception.
Rising progesterone levels
At puberty, increased hormone production and sexual maturation are promoted by each of the following except one. Identify the exception.
Sex hormones from the gonads stimulate the hypothalamus, producing GnRH, the gonadotropin-releasing hormone.
Which of the following is not an enzyme found in the cap of the sperm?
Testosterone
Which of the following statements concerning placentation is false?
The decidua parietalis is the portion of the uterine endometrium in direct contact with the chorion.
Which of the following statements about the second trimester is false?
The mammary glands form during the second trimester.
The inner cell mass does not form which of the following structures?
Trophoblast
Which of the following syndromes would be found in a female who only has one sex chromosome?
Turner syndrome
Which of the following does NOT occur during the transition from fetus to neonate?
Typical heart and respiratory rates are lower in neonates than in adults.
The trigger for the change in shape of red blood cells to a sickle shape in a person with sickle-cell anemia is?
a decrease in the Po2 in peripheral capillaries.
During adolescence, sex hormones are responsible for:
all of the above
During gestation the primary major compensatory adjustment(s) is (are):
all of the above
The hormone(s) produced by the placenta include(s):
all of the above
Near the end of a full-term pregnancy, the calming effect of progesterone is counteracted by
all of the above.
The fusion of the male pronucleus with the female pronucleus is called
amphimixis.
The ability to taste PTC is:
an example of simple inheritance, with the recessive form being the inability to taste PTC
Karyotyping is the determination of:
an individual's chromosome complement
The development stages that occur during cleavage follow the sequence:
blastomeres, morula, blastocyst, trophoblast
The yolk sac contains contributions from the __________ germ cell layer(s).
both mesoderm and endoderm
During oocyte activation the process that is important in preventing penetration by more than one sperm is the:
cortical reaction
Alterations in genetic activity during development occur as a result of:
differences in the cytoplasmic composition of individual cells
The creation of different types of cells during the processes of development is called:
differentiation
In cases of gestational trophoblastic neoplasia, the trophoblast
divides excessively and spreads to other tissues, behaving much like a cancer.
The gradual modification of anatomical structures during development occurs during the period from:
fertilization to maturity
The most dangerous period in prenatal or postnatal life is the:
first trimester
The completion of metaphase II, anaphase II, and telophase II produces:
four gametes, each containing 23 chromosomes
Germ layer formation results from the process of:
gastrulation
Fertilization is the fusion of two __________ cells, each containing __________ chromosomes.
haploid, 23
During the third trimester
major organ systems become functional.
Throughout embryonic and fetal development metabolic wastes generated by the fetus are eliminated by transfer to the:
maternal circulation
Growth ceases at
maturity.
The chorion develops from the:
mesoderm and trophoblast
Complete dilation of the cervix marks the beginning of
the expulsion stage of labor.
In terms of genetic inheritance, the penetrance of a trait refers to:
the percentage of individuals with a particular genotype that show the "expected" phenotype
During the first trimester
the rudiments of major organ systems appear.
Gametes are different from ordinary somatic cells because:
they contain only half the normal number of chromosomes