Ch.29 Test Bank

The first trimester does not include which of the following events?

Development of complete organ systems

Which of the following statements about labor is false?

During a cesarean section, a cut is made in the perineal muscles to allow the uterus to be opened enough to permit the passage of the baby's head.

Each of the following statements concerning gastrulation is true except one. Identify the exception.

During gastrulation, the deep layer becomes the ectoderm.

Which of the following changes in organ systems does not occur as the result of aging?

Increased hormone production and sensitivity to hormones

Which of the following statements about amniocentesis is ?

None of the above.

Which of the following statements about fertilization is false?

Normal fertilization occurs in the body of the uterus.

Which of the following would not be a physiological effect on the mother's body during pregnancy?

Nutrient and vitamin needs increase 80%-100%.

The normal male genotype is __________, and the normal female genotype is __________.

XY; XX

Embryogenesis is the process that establishes the foundation for:

all the major organ systems

The extraembryonic membrane that gives rise to the urinary bladder is the:

allantois

The extraembryonic membrane that begins as an outpocketing of endoderm and whose base gives rise to the urinary bladder is the

allantois.

During implantation the inner cell mass of the blastocyst separates from the trophoblast, creating a fluid-filled chamber called the:

amniotic cavity

The fusion of male and female pronuclei is an event termed:

amphimixis

The amnion contains contributions from the __________ germ cell layer(s).

ectoderm and mesoderm

Embryologic development:

ends two months after conception

If albinism is a recessive trait, and an albino mother and a normal father with the genotype AA have an offspring, the child will:

have normal coloration

For a given trait, if the possibilities are indicated by Aa, the individual is:

heterozygous

For a given trait, if the possibilities are indicated by AA, the individual is:

homozygous dominant

For a given trait, if the possibilities are indicated by aa, the individual is:

homozygous recessive

Home pregnancy tests detect the presence of

human chorionic gonadotropin.

An ectopic pregnancy refers to:

implantation occurring somewhere other than within the uterus

The stages in labor do not include

implantation.

Which of the following is not an effect of aging on organ systems?

increase in peripheral blood flow

At the time of ovulation, the secondary oocyte leaving the follicle

is in metaphase II of meiosis.

A gene's position on a chromosome is termed the:

locus

If one female X chromosome of an allele pair contains sex-linked character for color blindness, the individual would be:

normal

Delivery of the fetus is known as

parturition.

During fertilization, the process of cortical reaction is important in:

preventing penetration by additional sperm

The stretching of the myometrium during gestation is associated with a gradual increase in the:

rates of spontaneous smooth muscle contractions

The first meiotic division:

reduces the number of chromosomes from 46 to 23

If an allele is dominant, it will be expressed in the phenotype:

regardless of any conflicting instructions carried by the other allele

As development proceeds, the differentiation of other embryonic cells is affected by small zygotic cells that:

release RNA, polypeptides, and small proteins

The systems that were relatively nonfunctional during the fetus's prenatal period that must become functional at birth are the:

respiratory, digestive, and excretory systems

Organs and organ systems complete most of their development during the:

second trimester

Prostaglandins in the endometrium:

stimulate smooth muscle contractions

The umbilical cord or umbilical stalk contains:

the allantois, blood vessels, and yolk stalk

Exchange between the embryonic and maternal circulations occurs by diffusion across the syncytial and cellular trophoblast layers via:

the chorionic blood vessels

The formation of extraembryonic membranes occurs in the correct sequential steps, which include:

yolk sac, amnion, allantois, and chorion

During embryonic development, __________ primary germ cell layers develop.

three

Labor has traditionally been divided into __________ stages.

three

The term inheritance refers to the:

transfer of genetically determined characteristics form generation to generation

Gestation can be divided into __________, each about three months long.

trimesters

A person who is heterozygous for a trait has

two different alleles for a given gene.

In the event of "fraternal" or dizygotic twins:

two separate eggs are ovulated and fertilized

Infancy lasts until a child is _________ ______old.

two years

The extraembryonic membranes that develop from the endoderm and mesoderm are:

yolk sac and amnion

Before gestation, the uterus weighs about

1 oz

In general, a male with a sperm count of less than __________ million per milliliter is considered infertile.

20

Sterility in males may result from a sperm count of less that:

20 million sperm/mL

At the end of gestation, the uterus may weigh __________ lb.

22

The total number of genes in human DNA, as identified by the Human Genome Project, is:

25,000 to 30,000

The normal chromosome complement of a typical somatic, or body, cell is:

46

The zygote contains __________ chromosomes.

46

Which of the following is produced by the placenta?

All of the above

Which of the following statements about Down syndrome is ?

All of the above.

Each of the following contributes to the onset of labor contractions except one. Identify the exception.

Rising progesterone levels

At puberty, increased hormone production and sexual maturation are promoted by each of the following except one. Identify the exception.

Sex hormones from the gonads stimulate the hypothalamus, producing GnRH, the gonadotropin-releasing hormone.

Which of the following is not an enzyme found in the cap of the sperm?

Testosterone

Which of the following statements concerning placentation is false?

The decidua parietalis is the portion of the uterine endometrium in direct contact with the chorion.

Which of the following statements about the second trimester is false?

The mammary glands form during the second trimester.

The inner cell mass does not form which of the following structures?

Trophoblast

Which of the following syndromes would be found in a female who only has one sex chromosome?

Turner syndrome

Which of the following does NOT occur during the transition from fetus to neonate?

Typical heart and respiratory rates are lower in neonates than in adults.

The trigger for the change in shape of red blood cells to a sickle shape in a person with sickle-cell anemia is?

a decrease in the Po2 in peripheral capillaries.

During adolescence, sex hormones are responsible for:

all of the above

During gestation the primary major compensatory adjustment(s) is (are):

all of the above

The hormone(s) produced by the placenta include(s):

all of the above

Near the end of a full-term pregnancy, the calming effect of progesterone is counteracted by

all of the above.

The fusion of the male pronucleus with the female pronucleus is called

amphimixis.

The ability to taste PTC is:

an example of simple inheritance, with the recessive form being the inability to taste PTC

Karyotyping is the determination of:

an individual's chromosome complement

The development stages that occur during cleavage follow the sequence:

blastomeres, morula, blastocyst, trophoblast

The yolk sac contains contributions from the __________ germ cell layer(s).

both mesoderm and endoderm

During oocyte activation the process that is important in preventing penetration by more than one sperm is the:

cortical reaction

Alterations in genetic activity during development occur as a result of:

differences in the cytoplasmic composition of individual cells

The creation of different types of cells during the processes of development is called:

differentiation

In cases of gestational trophoblastic neoplasia, the trophoblast

divides excessively and spreads to other tissues, behaving much like a cancer.

The gradual modification of anatomical structures during development occurs during the period from:

fertilization to maturity

The most dangerous period in prenatal or postnatal life is the:

first trimester

The completion of metaphase II, anaphase II, and telophase II produces:

four gametes, each containing 23 chromosomes

Germ layer formation results from the process of:

gastrulation

Fertilization is the fusion of two __________ cells, each containing __________ chromosomes.

haploid, 23

During the third trimester

major organ systems become functional.

Throughout embryonic and fetal development metabolic wastes generated by the fetus are eliminated by transfer to the:

maternal circulation

Growth ceases at

maturity.

The chorion develops from the:

mesoderm and trophoblast

Complete dilation of the cervix marks the beginning of

the expulsion stage of labor.

In terms of genetic inheritance, the penetrance of a trait refers to:

the percentage of individuals with a particular genotype that show the "expected" phenotype

During the first trimester

the rudiments of major organ systems appear.

Gametes are different from ordinary somatic cells because:

they contain only half the normal number of chromosomes