Ch.30 pre & post test

The layer of skin that is rich with blood​ vessels, nerves, and specialized structures is​ the:

dermis

The skin is the largest organ of the body. It is composed of three​ layers, including​ the:

epidermis.

Abdominal bruising should be considered a sign of​ possible:

internal organ damage.

The structures within the dermis​ include:

sweat glands.

What is the primary risk for electrical injury​ patients?

Respiratory or cardiac arrest

Which layer of the skin provides shock absorption and​ insulation?

Subcutaneous

What is an example of classifying a burn by agent and​ source?

Thermal burn from excessively hot coffee

The skin serves which of the following​ functions?

Protection

Your patient has burns to the entire right arm and the anterior chest. What is the estimated surface area​ involved?

18

You are performing a secondary assessment on your​ 19-year-old trauma patient with a severely bruised trunk and signs of damage to the ribs and sternum. He is coughing up frothy red blood and having difficulty breathing. What injury do these signs point​ to?

A punctured lung

You are called to the scene of a patient who was burned by an electrical shock while installing a washing machine. On your​ arrival, the patient is lying beside the washing machine on which he was working. What is your first consideration for this​ patient?

Assume the source of electricity is still active.

A way of identifying the seriousness of a burn is by its degree. Which of the following statements is​ true?

A​ full-thickness burn is also known as a​ third-degree burn.

In bandaging a hand​ wound, what important consideration is​ necessary?

Bandage the hand in the position of function.

What is the first step in removing dry chemicals from the​ body?

Brush off the excess material.

Your patient has sustained a chemical burn to her hands from dry lime. How is this treated in the​ field?

Brush off the powder before using water to flush.

You are caring for a victim who was rescued from a burning building by the fire department. The patient is alert and oriented with superficial burns to the​ arms, chest,​ neck, and face. He complains that he cannot breathe well. What is this​ patient's most critical​ injury?

Burns to the face

How does the skin provide temperature​ regulation?

By altering the blood flow to the skin and by controlling perspiration

A patient who was injured by lightning is awake on your arrival but is not able to hear what you are saying. He can​ talk, and is frightened because he does not know what happened. The patient was in a picnic area at a park and was thrown several feet to the ground when the lightning struck near him. Which of the following steps has the highest priority in this​ patient's assessment and​ treatment?

Care for spine​ injuries, head​ injuries, and severe fractures.

You are dispatched to the scene of a construction site where a​ 33-year-old male has been impaled with a piece of rebar to his right anterior chest near the clavicle. The rebar is too long to allow transport of the patient. The patient is alert and seated on the ground. How should you manage this​ injury?

Contact medical control and ensure someone stabilizes the object while it is gently cut to the desired length.

You are caring for a​ 46-year-old female who accidentally sustained burns to her left hand up to the wrist from boiling water. You arrive moments after the incident. Of the​ following, which should you do​ first?

Cool the burned area to stop the burning process.

You arrive on scene to a residence where you find a​ 16-year-old female patient who was shocked while plugging in an appliance in the garage. Her father states that he heard the shock and saw her get​ "thrown to the​ ground." The patient is awake and​ alert, and still lying on the ground. Based on the​ patient's presentation, how should you manage this​ patient's injury?

Evaluate the patient for spine injuries and stabilize the spine.

Which of the following statements about puncture wounds is​ correct?

Even​ insignificant-looking puncture wounds can cause devastating injuries.

You are caring for a​ 15-year-old female who has sustained a laceration to her lower arm. It is spurting bright red blood uncontrollably. What personal protective equipment would be most preferred in managing this​ wound?

Gloves and a face shield

Your patient has a large bump on the forehead from being hit by a baseball. What type of injury is​ this?

Hematoma

A patient with an electrical injury is least likely to present with which of the following signs and​ symptoms?

Hypotension

You are called to the scene of a metal fabrication​ plant, where you are presented with a​ 30-year-old male patient complaining of bilateral severe eye pain. Upon​ examination, you notice both eyes are red and irritated. Patient states that one of the dyes he was working with splashed into his eyes. How would you manage this​ patient's injury?

Irrigate both eyes with copious amounts of water for at least 20 minutes or until you arrive at the medical facility.

You arrive on scene to an assault. Law enforcement has secured the scene. Your patient is a​ 23-year-old male with a​ blood-soaked shirt. The patient states that the assailant​ "slashed at him with a box​ opener." You expose the chest and note a jagged cut on his left anterior chest with​ steady, dark red hemorrhaging. Based on this assessment​ finding, the wound is most likely which of the​ following?

Laceration

Damage to which of the following organs is least likely in the case of abdominal​ bruising?

Lungs

Crush injuries often can be identified by​ what?

Mechanism of injury

In treating open wounds to the neck or​ abdomen, which type of dressing is​ preferred?

Occlusive dressing

Which of the following is a function of the​ skin?

Sensation

In a​ contusion, what remains​ intact?

The epidermis

Which of the following is a guideline for the treatment of chemical​ burns?

Wash away the chemical with flowing water.

When assessing a​ patient, consider the possibility of closed​ soft-tissue injuries whenever there is​ swelling, pain, or​ deformity, as well​ as:

a mechanism of blunt trauma.

If a child pulled a pot of boiling water off the stove and was burned by​ it, this burn would​ be:

a thermal burn.

A simple scratch or scrape of the outer layer of the skin is called​ a(n):

abrasion

All burns are to be treated as more serious​ if:

accompanied by other injuries or medical problems.

A burn injury should be considered to​ be:

an injury with the potential for many​ far-reaching effects.

Your patient suffered a severe electrical burn injury. In your emergency​ care, you should​ always:

assess for an entrance and an exit wound.

Your​ 24-year-old patient was riding an ATV through the woods and impaled herself on a dead tree branch. The​ one-inch diameter branch went in through her mouth and out her right cheek before breaking from the tree. You can see both ends of the penetrating branch. On your​ arrival, the patient is bleeding heavily into her mouth and is struggling to breathe unless she is leaning forward. To gain control of the​ patient's bleeding and thereby her​ airway, you​ should:

attempt to remove the object.

A degloving injury is an example of​ a(n):

avulsion.

When a flap of tissue is traumatically​ removed, this condition is called​ a(n):

avulsion.

Your patient was involved in a serious industrial​ accident, and sustained critical electrical burns to both his hands when he accidentally grabbed a live wire. Despite the severity of his​ burns, the patient says he​ doesn't feel that bad. This patient will need​ to:

be transported as soon as possible.

The emotional and psychological damage from burn​ injuries:

begins at the emergency scene.

When​ crushed, the liver and​ spleen:

bleed profusely and cause shock.

Possible injury to the cervical spine or brain could be indicated by​ a(n):

bruise on the head or neck.

An internal injury with no open pathway from the outside is​ called:

closed

For a young child with isolated genital​ injuries, you​ should:

consider the possibility of​ abuse, and treat the child with sensitivity.

To control​ bleeding, start​ with:

direct pressure and elevation.

The sterile material that is placed directly on a wound is termed​ the:

dressing

​Generally, when providing emergency care of open​ wounds, the first thing you would do​ is:

expose the wound.

Chemical burns to the eyes should​ be:

flushed with water.

A swelling caused by the collection of blood under the skin or in damaged tissues as a result of an injured or broken blood vessel is​ a(n):

hematoma.

A wound under the skin that involves the collection of blood from injury to a large blood vessel is called​ a:

hematoma.

Burns to the face are considered critical​ because:

of the potential for respiratory compromise or eye injury.

A puncture wound that is shallow or deep is​ a:

penetrating puncture wound.

To stabilize an object impaled in an​ eye, you​ should:

place a roll of​ 3-inch gauze bandage or folded 4 × 4s on either side of the​ object, along the vertical axis of the​ head, in a manner that will stabilize the object.

Swelling or deformity at the site of a bruise indicates​ a:

possible underlying fracture.

After treating an actively bleeding head laceration with a sterile dressing and​ bandage, you notice that the dressing has become​ blood-soaked and that blood is seeping through the bandage. You​ should:

reapply pressure and place additional sterile dressings over the​ blood-soaked dressing.

Burns involving the airway often lead​ to:

respiratory compromise.

Lacerations are cuts that​ are:

smooth or jagged.

It is characteristic of hemostatic dressings​ to:

stop or slow bleeding.

Burns pose greater risks to infants and children than to adults​ because:

their body surface area is greater in relation to their total body size.

Singed nasal hairs in a burned patient are an ominous sign​ because:

they could indicate airway damage.

In caring for an amputated​ part, it is important​ to:

wrap the part in sterile gauze and keep it cool.

In treating a puncture wound of the​ eye, if you bandage both​ eyes, it is​ because:

you want to avoid sympathetic eye movement.

Part of the assessment of a thermal burn is to calculate the percentage of the body surface area that has been burned. Your patient has burns to her anterior torso​ (chest and​ abdomen) and the anterior surface of her right arm. What is the estimated percentage of body surface​ burned?

​ 22.5%

What is the resulting injury called when the burn penetrates all the way to the bottom layer of​ skin?

​Full-thickness

A bruise on the abdomen could indicate injury to which of the​ following?

​Spleen, liver, or kidneys

Which of the following statements about a​ partial-thickness burn is​ true?

​The formation of blisters is common.

White and dry to dark brown or black and charred skin is a sign of​ a:

​full-thickness burn.

You are assessing a​ patient, and notice red discoloration with blisters on the legs. This type of burn would be classified​ as:

​partial-thickness.