Ch.30 pre & post test
The layer of skin that is rich with blood vessels, nerves, and specialized structures is the:
dermis
The skin is the largest organ of the body. It is composed of three layers, including the:
epidermis.
Abdominal bruising should be considered a sign of possible:
internal organ damage.
The structures within the dermis include:
sweat glands.
What is the primary risk for electrical injury patients?
Respiratory or cardiac arrest
Which layer of the skin provides shock absorption and insulation?
Subcutaneous
What is an example of classifying a burn by agent and source?
Thermal burn from excessively hot coffee
The skin serves which of the following functions?
Protection
Your patient has burns to the entire right arm and the anterior chest. What is the estimated surface area involved?
18
You are performing a secondary assessment on your 19-year-old trauma patient with a severely bruised trunk and signs of damage to the ribs and sternum. He is coughing up frothy red blood and having difficulty breathing. What injury do these signs point to?
A punctured lung
You are called to the scene of a patient who was burned by an electrical shock while installing a washing machine. On your arrival, the patient is lying beside the washing machine on which he was working. What is your first consideration for this patient?
Assume the source of electricity is still active.
A way of identifying the seriousness of a burn is by its degree. Which of the following statements is true?
A full-thickness burn is also known as a third-degree burn.
In bandaging a hand wound, what important consideration is necessary?
Bandage the hand in the position of function.
What is the first step in removing dry chemicals from the body?
Brush off the excess material.
Your patient has sustained a chemical burn to her hands from dry lime. How is this treated in the field?
Brush off the powder before using water to flush.
You are caring for a victim who was rescued from a burning building by the fire department. The patient is alert and oriented with superficial burns to the arms, chest, neck, and face. He complains that he cannot breathe well. What is this patient's most critical injury?
Burns to the face
How does the skin provide temperature regulation?
By altering the blood flow to the skin and by controlling perspiration
A patient who was injured by lightning is awake on your arrival but is not able to hear what you are saying. He can talk, and is frightened because he does not know what happened. The patient was in a picnic area at a park and was thrown several feet to the ground when the lightning struck near him. Which of the following steps has the highest priority in this patient's assessment and treatment?
Care for spine injuries, head injuries, and severe fractures.
You are dispatched to the scene of a construction site where a 33-year-old male has been impaled with a piece of rebar to his right anterior chest near the clavicle. The rebar is too long to allow transport of the patient. The patient is alert and seated on the ground. How should you manage this injury?
Contact medical control and ensure someone stabilizes the object while it is gently cut to the desired length.
You are caring for a 46-year-old female who accidentally sustained burns to her left hand up to the wrist from boiling water. You arrive moments after the incident. Of the following, which should you do first?
Cool the burned area to stop the burning process.
You arrive on scene to a residence where you find a 16-year-old female patient who was shocked while plugging in an appliance in the garage. Her father states that he heard the shock and saw her get "thrown to the ground." The patient is awake and alert, and still lying on the ground. Based on the patient's presentation, how should you manage this patient's injury?
Evaluate the patient for spine injuries and stabilize the spine.
Which of the following statements about puncture wounds is correct?
Even insignificant-looking puncture wounds can cause devastating injuries.
You are caring for a 15-year-old female who has sustained a laceration to her lower arm. It is spurting bright red blood uncontrollably. What personal protective equipment would be most preferred in managing this wound?
Gloves and a face shield
Your patient has a large bump on the forehead from being hit by a baseball. What type of injury is this?
Hematoma
A patient with an electrical injury is least likely to present with which of the following signs and symptoms?
Hypotension
You are called to the scene of a metal fabrication plant, where you are presented with a 30-year-old male patient complaining of bilateral severe eye pain. Upon examination, you notice both eyes are red and irritated. Patient states that one of the dyes he was working with splashed into his eyes. How would you manage this patient's injury?
Irrigate both eyes with copious amounts of water for at least 20 minutes or until you arrive at the medical facility.
You arrive on scene to an assault. Law enforcement has secured the scene. Your patient is a 23-year-old male with a blood-soaked shirt. The patient states that the assailant "slashed at him with a box opener." You expose the chest and note a jagged cut on his left anterior chest with steady, dark red hemorrhaging. Based on this assessment finding, the wound is most likely which of the following?
Laceration
Damage to which of the following organs is least likely in the case of abdominal bruising?
Lungs
Crush injuries often can be identified by what?
Mechanism of injury
In treating open wounds to the neck or abdomen, which type of dressing is preferred?
Occlusive dressing
Which of the following is a function of the skin?
Sensation
In a contusion, what remains intact?
The epidermis
Which of the following is a guideline for the treatment of chemical burns?
Wash away the chemical with flowing water.
When assessing a patient, consider the possibility of closed soft-tissue injuries whenever there is swelling, pain, or deformity, as well as:
a mechanism of blunt trauma.
If a child pulled a pot of boiling water off the stove and was burned by it, this burn would be:
a thermal burn.
A simple scratch or scrape of the outer layer of the skin is called a(n):
abrasion
All burns are to be treated as more serious if:
accompanied by other injuries or medical problems.
A burn injury should be considered to be:
an injury with the potential for many far-reaching effects.
Your patient suffered a severe electrical burn injury. In your emergency care, you should always:
assess for an entrance and an exit wound.
Your 24-year-old patient was riding an ATV through the woods and impaled herself on a dead tree branch. The one-inch diameter branch went in through her mouth and out her right cheek before breaking from the tree. You can see both ends of the penetrating branch. On your arrival, the patient is bleeding heavily into her mouth and is struggling to breathe unless she is leaning forward. To gain control of the patient's bleeding and thereby her airway, you should:
attempt to remove the object.
A degloving injury is an example of a(n):
avulsion.
When a flap of tissue is traumatically removed, this condition is called a(n):
avulsion.
Your patient was involved in a serious industrial accident, and sustained critical electrical burns to both his hands when he accidentally grabbed a live wire. Despite the severity of his burns, the patient says he doesn't feel that bad. This patient will need to:
be transported as soon as possible.
The emotional and psychological damage from burn injuries:
begins at the emergency scene.
When crushed, the liver and spleen:
bleed profusely and cause shock.
Possible injury to the cervical spine or brain could be indicated by a(n):
bruise on the head or neck.
An internal injury with no open pathway from the outside is called:
closed
For a young child with isolated genital injuries, you should:
consider the possibility of abuse, and treat the child with sensitivity.
To control bleeding, start with:
direct pressure and elevation.
The sterile material that is placed directly on a wound is termed the:
dressing
Generally, when providing emergency care of open wounds, the first thing you would do is:
expose the wound.
Chemical burns to the eyes should be:
flushed with water.
A swelling caused by the collection of blood under the skin or in damaged tissues as a result of an injured or broken blood vessel is a(n):
hematoma.
A wound under the skin that involves the collection of blood from injury to a large blood vessel is called a:
hematoma.
Burns to the face are considered critical because:
of the potential for respiratory compromise or eye injury.
A puncture wound that is shallow or deep is a:
penetrating puncture wound.
To stabilize an object impaled in an eye, you should:
place a roll of 3-inch gauze bandage or folded 4 × 4s on either side of the object, along the vertical axis of the head, in a manner that will stabilize the object.
Swelling or deformity at the site of a bruise indicates a:
possible underlying fracture.
After treating an actively bleeding head laceration with a sterile dressing and bandage, you notice that the dressing has become blood-soaked and that blood is seeping through the bandage. You should:
reapply pressure and place additional sterile dressings over the blood-soaked dressing.
Burns involving the airway often lead to:
respiratory compromise.
Lacerations are cuts that are:
smooth or jagged.
It is characteristic of hemostatic dressings to:
stop or slow bleeding.
Burns pose greater risks to infants and children than to adults because:
their body surface area is greater in relation to their total body size.
Singed nasal hairs in a burned patient are an ominous sign because:
they could indicate airway damage.
In caring for an amputated part, it is important to:
wrap the part in sterile gauze and keep it cool.
In treating a puncture wound of the eye, if you bandage both eyes, it is because:
you want to avoid sympathetic eye movement.
Part of the assessment of a thermal burn is to calculate the percentage of the body surface area that has been burned. Your patient has burns to her anterior torso (chest and abdomen) and the anterior surface of her right arm. What is the estimated percentage of body surface burned?
22.5%
What is the resulting injury called when the burn penetrates all the way to the bottom layer of skin?
Full-thickness
A bruise on the abdomen could indicate injury to which of the following?
Spleen, liver, or kidneys
Which of the following statements about a partial-thickness burn is true?
The formation of blisters is common.
White and dry to dark brown or black and charred skin is a sign of a:
full-thickness burn.
You are assessing a patient, and notice red discoloration with blisters on the legs. This type of burn would be classified as:
partial-thickness.