Ch5-The Physical Geography of the US and Canada|World Geography

Trans-Canada Highway: ______miles Goes from _________ to __________

4, 860, Newfoundland to British Columbia

US intestate highway system: ________ miles; network begun in ______

46,000, 1950s

North americas vast and varied ________ and abundant _________ have attracted ________ and shaped the development of the US and Canada

Landscape, resources, immigrants

Other factors that affect town development: (4)

Landscape, weather, climate, natural resources

Continental Divide

Line of the highest points in North America that marks the separation between rivers flowing eastward and westward

Large forests yield ______ and other _______

Lumber, products

(Modern Climates) Pacific coast has ____________: Warm _______, long, mild, and rainy _______, mixed ________ Climate is affected by __________, ________, and _______

Marine west coast climate, summers, winters, vegetation, ocean currents, coastal mountains, westerlies

(Milder climates) Central, Southern California coasts have __________: Dry, warm ______;mild, rainy ______, ______ & _______ grow well

Mediterranean, summers, winters, fruits, vegetables

Countries have many large, inland river and lakes that provide: ___________, __________, ________, _______ and _________

Transportation, hydroelectric power irrigation, freshwater and fisheries

(Tropical climates) South florida is __________; warm with tall ______ Include the Everglades

Tropical wet and dry, grasses,

Tropical climates: Hawaii is _______; ____ forests; temps around 70° F __________ on Kauai Island is one of the wettest spots on earth

Tropical wet, rain, Mount Walaleale

Colder climates Arctic coast is _______: huge _______ plains with long cold _______; some permafrost

Tundra, treeless, winters

All major landforms are found in __ and ________

US and Canada

Anglo America includes ___ and _______, and former _______ colonies; most people speak _________; strong _______ and ________ ties with one another

US, Canada, British, English, economic, political

Mineral _______ and ________make rapid ____________ possible

Variety, quantity, industrialization

______ access is a major factor in how ______ begin and develop

Water, towns

Prevailing westerlies

Winds that blow west to east

Together(US and Canada) cover _____ of the earths land surface

1/8

Builders of early _____ railroads face many _______ barriers They: Workers cut down ______, bridge ______, and tunnel through ________

1800s, natural, forests, streams, mountains

Today, US has ______ miles of roads. Canada has _______ miles

4 million, 560,000

The islands: Canada's large, northern islands: ________, _______, and ______ US: ________ and _______

Ellesmere, Victoria, Baffin, Aleutians(Alaska) and Hawaiian(politically not geographically)

Human settlers adapted to and changed the __________

Environment

________ settlements in the US and Canada expanded from ____ to ____

European, east to west

Heavy rains cause ______ along ___ rivers such as the Mississippi

Flooding, big

Transcontinental-

From Atlantic to the Pacific Ocean

Great Lakes

Group of 5 freshwater lakes of central North America between the US and Canada; the lakes are Huron, Ontario, Michigan, Erie, and Superior

First natives to _____, and _____ down pacific coast; some remain _____

East, south, north

US and Canada have developed into global _____________

Economic powers

(Colder climates) Rockies and Pacific ranges are ________: colder, sparse __________; affect weather in other areas- block ______, trap __________

Highland, vegetation, arctic, pacific moisture

_______ have dramatically changed the face of North America

Humans

(Milder climates) Southern states are _________: Hot ______, mild ______, long __________ for a variety of _____

Humid subtropical, summers, winters, crops

Modern climates: North central, northeast US, southern Canada are _________: cold _______, warm _______; heavy __________

Humid subtropical, winters, summers, agriculture

By the way of locks, large ocean vessels can get to _______ and ________ heartland

Industrial, agricultural

The two counties share ___________ and ___________

Mountain chains, interior plains

The first Americans(_____) ______, _______, and gathered ______; settled near _____ and _______

Nomads, hunter, fished, plants, rivers, streams

Fertile soil helps make __________ the worlds leading food ______

North America, exporter

Permafrost

Permanently frozen ground

Today US has the 2nd largest ____ system; Canada has the ____

Rail, third

Arrival of automobile spurs ____ building in the early ___ century

Road, 20th

Canada is the ________ largest country in the world by ____; the US is _______

Second, area, third

Milder climates: Much of the US located _____ of the 40°N latitude: Milder, dry, _______ climates

South, tropical

Heat and lack of rain brings _______, _________, and __________

Droughts, dust storms, forest fires

These two countries share many of the same _________

Landforms

_______ and ___________ attract immigrants to both counties

Landmass, natural resources

The United States and Canada have vast ______ and abundant ________

Lands, resources

First US transcontinental railroad: _____ First Canadian transcontinental railroad: _____

1860, 1885

The western mountains, plateaus, and basins: Include the Rocky Mountains which are relativity young at ________ years old Less erosion means rugged, ______ foot, _____ covered peaks Also include the continental divide Other pacific mountain ranges: ________, and ______ Continents major peaks: _________ in Alaska Major ________ activity in pacific ranges Between ranges and Rockies: _____, ________, ______(low desert)

80 million, 12,000, snow, Sierra Nevada, Cascade, Mt McKinley, earthquake, cliffs, canyons, basins

Beringia

A land bridge thought to have connected what are now Siberia and Alaska

Everglades

A large, subtropical swampland in Florida of about 4,000 sq miles

Rocky Mountains

A major mountain system of the US and Canada extending 3,000 miles from Alaska south to New Mexico

Canadian Shield

A northern part of the interior lowlands that is rocky, flat region covering nearly 2 million square miles and encircling Hudson Bay

Nomad

A person with no permanent home who moves according to the seasons from place to place in search of food, water, and grazing land

Lock

A section of a waterway with closed gates where water levels are raised or lowered, through which ships pass

Great Plains

A vast grassland of central North America that is largely treeless and ascends to 4,000 feet above sea level; external from Missouri River to Rocky Mountains

Today US and Canada are leading ____________

Agriculture exporters

_________ replaced hunting and gathering ______ years ago

Agriculture, 3000

US and Canada are bounded by: _______, ______, and _______ oceans & __________

Arctic, Atlantic, pacific, Gulf of Mexico

Mackenzie River

Canada's longest river, which is part of a river system that flows across the Northwest Territories to the Arctic Ocean

Warm gulf air clashes with cold ________ air over the ________ This creates __________, __________, and ________

Canadian, Great Plains, thunderstorms, tornadoes, blizzards

Large Canadian highways Connect major southern ______ east to west

Cities

Almost every type of _______ is found in the ___ United States because they extend over such a _____ area north to south

Climate, 50, large

Appalachians, and Great Plains: ____

Coal

Canada's _____ climate is related to its ________ for northern latitudes

Cold, location

US: biggest energy _______; gets most of ________ energy exports

Consumer, Canada's

Eastern lowlands: Atlantic coastal plain extends from _________ down to ________ Gulf Coastal plain goes from _______, along the __________, to _______ Includes a ________, _____________

Delaware, Florida, Florida, Gulf of Mexico, Texas, Piedmont, Appalachian trail

Interior Lowlands: _______ leveled the land, left ______ soil Extend from _________ to _______ river Also include the Great Plains and Canadian Shield

Glacier, fertile, Appalachian to Missouri River

Appalachian Highlands: Includes Appalachian mountains Also include _____ and ________ mountains in the north _______ and ___________ mountains in the south More than __________ years old. Erosion has created gentle _____, peaks from _______ ft to ______ ft. Appalachian trail- scenic ______ path along the chain

Green and Catskills, Blue Ridge and Great Smoky, 400 million , slopes, 1,200, 2,400, hiking

Hurricanes sweep the _____ and ______ coasts in ________ and _____

Gulf, Atlantic, summer, fall

Europeans colonize the east coast then go _____, creating ______: _______ and _______ roads(______ and ______ trails) Use _______ and ________ rivers; build ______ _____ canal: first navigable water link between Atlantic and Great Lakes

Inland, Trails, national and wilderness, Oregon and Santa Fe, Mississippi and Ohio, Canals, Erie

Canadian Shield: _______, ______, ______, ____, and ________

Iron ore, nickel, copper, gold, uranium

US: moderate,___ latitudes & Canada: colder, ____ latitudes

Mid, high

Los Angeles: _____ climate and _____ brings in thousands to the area in early _____ Once small ______________ expanded into valleys and foothills Became US ____ largest city in ______ Problems: (3) Has spread out over a ____ area City proper: ________ Metropolitan area: ________

Mild, ocean, 1900s, Spanish settlement, 2nd, 1980s, air pollution, low water supply, earthquake area, large, 469 sq miles, 4,060 sq miles

Canada's second largest city: _______

Montreal

US has ____ climate zones than Canada

More

Before humans, land changed due to _________; ______, and _______

Natural resources, weather, erosion

St Lawrence Seaway

North Americas most important deepwater ship rouge, connecting the Great Lakes to the Atlantic Ocean by the way of the St Lawrence River

Gulf of Mexico: ____, ________

Oil, natural gas

Appalachian Mountains

One of the row major mountain chains in the eastern US and Canada, extending 1,600 miles from Newfoundland south to Alabama

Transcontinental railroads: Move _____, _______, promote ________ development, __________

People, goods, economic, national unity

Settlements became _______; cut down _____ for houses, plow ______, dig ___________, plant _____, _____, ______

Permanent trees, fields, irrigation ditches, corn, beans, squash

Montreal: Major ______ located on the island of _______ Meeting of the _________ and ______ rivers make it an important ______ site French built permanent settlement in ______ at the base of ________ Cold ______ force people to stay inside and build ____________

Port, Quebec, st Lawrence, Ottawa, trade, 1692, Mount Royal, winters, underground areas

Dry climates: Great Plains, and northern Great Basin have ______: dry with short _______ Southwest is ___, dry _______ including the ________ and _______ deserts

Semiarid, grasses, hot, deserts, Mojave, Sonoran