Ch.7 Memory

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" I am the translation of information into a form in which it can be stored."

Encoding

recall specific information, either from our own experiences or form knowledge we have acquired.

Explicit Memories

" I am the process by which a person recollects prior experiences, information, and skills learned in the past. "

Memory

" I am any observable event or occurrence."

Phenomenon

" I am the locating of stored information and the returning of it to conscious thought."

Retrieval

knowledge that Washington D.C. is the capital of the United States is an example of

Semantic Memory

"I am the maintenance of encoded information over a period of time."

Storage

organization of items into familiar or manageable units

chunking

fading away of a memory over time

decay

gradual loss of memory over time

decay

moved from an original place or location

displace

echoes of sounds that can last a long time in your memory

echoic memory

mental register of traces of sound

echoic memory

brief memories of mental pictures formed of visual stimuli

iconic memory

memories that include practiced skills and learned habits

implicit

loss of memory of early events

infantile amnesia

bringing to the mind of information that has been encountered in the past.

recall

nonimmediate retrieval of learning information

recall

person does not immediately recognize an item of object but must search his or her memory for information about it.

recall

memories that recall events that happened in our own lives

episodic

people that forget the period leading up to a traumatic event are suffering

retrograde amnesia

mental representation formed of the world by organizing bits of information into knowledge

schemas

two peoples memories of an event can differ based on their individual

schemas

memory that codes represent information in terms of its meaning

semantic

memory that holds information briefly before it is either stored in long-term memory or forgotten

short-term memory

can be triggered through emotions

state- dependent

use of sounds to try to remember a piece of information

acoustic memory code

severe memory loss

amnesia

losing the ability to store new memories is a symptom of

anterograde amnesia

reducing information you are trying to remember into small, manageable units

chunking

Visiting a place from your past can trigger

context- dependent memories

ability to remember visual stimuli over long periods of time

eidetic imagery

replacing of information in short-term memory with new information

interference

maintenance and elaborative rehearsal can transfer information into

long- term memory

type of stage of memory capable of large and relatively permanent storage

long-term memory

repeating information over and over again to keep from forgetting it

maintenance rehearsal

method used to improve memory

mnemonic

methods for improving ones memory

mnemonics

tendency to recall the first items in a series

primary effect

people often recall items at the end of the list better than those in the middle is known as

recency effect

identification of objects or events that have been encountered before

recognition

memory process in which one identifies objects or events that have previously been encountered

recognition

reacquisition of knowledge that was once known

relearning

Psychologists refer to the process of locating stored information and returning it to conscious thought as

retrieval


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