Ch8 pt 3
Cells in basal forebrain increase arousal and wakefulness by releasing
Acetylcholine
Which of the following increase's risk of sleep apnea
Being obese
Some drugs used to treat allergies may produce drowsiness if they
Block histamine
What is a typic chacteristic of insomnia
Consistently feeling sleepy during the day
After a cut throughout the midbrain separates the forebrain and part of the midbrain from all the lowest structures an animal ____
Enters a prolonged state of sleep
During sleep what happens in the brain
Increased firing by GABA neurons
In response to emotionally arousing events, the locus coeruleus releases
Norepinephrine
The role of reticular formation in arousal is that is
Only one of several systems involved in arousal
Which of these chacterisstics of sleep apnea ?
Periods without breathing during sleeping
One part of the reticular formation that contributes to cortical arousal is known as
Pontomesencephalon
During____, cells in the pons send messages that inhibit the motor neurons that control's the body's large muscle
REM sleep
PGO waves are associated with ____.
REM sleep
Orexin produced by neurons in the hypothalamus, appears to be necessary for
Staying awake
In comparison to NREM dreams, REM dreams ____.
are more likely to include complicated plots
Stimulation of the pontomesencephalon:
awakens a sleeping individual
Research found that during REM sleep, activity ____.
increased in both the pons and the limbic system
Young adults deprived of a night's sleep show deficits on ____ tasks.
memory
Loss of orexin-containing neurons in the hypothalamus may contribute to ____.
narcolepsy
Night terrors can be distinguished from nightmares in that night terrors ____.
occur during NREM sleep
The sequence of the bursts of neural activity during REM sleep is
pons, lateral geniculate nucleus, and occipital cortex
The __ is a structure that extends from the medulla into the forebrain
reticular formation
When does sleep walking occur?
stages 3 and 4
REM sleep has been shown to ____.
strengthen the formation of new motor skills