chap 15

David works for the U.S. Census Bureau and studies the composition size and distribution of the population in America. The field of research in which David studies is called

o Demography

According to the World Health Organization, which of the following populations are most likely to experience malnutrition

o Women and young children

The environmental justice framework is a framework of particular concern to analysts using which sociological perspective?

• Conflict

The study of the size, composition, and distribution of populations is known as

• Demography

Demographers define fertility as the maximum number of children that could be born to a woman if she reproduced at maximum capacity.

• False

Many critics of family planning programs argue that most policies are developed by political leaders in high-income nations. These critics argue that these programs

• are based on class and race issues rather than genuine concern regarding world hunger or population.

The idea that some societies move from high birth and death rates to relatively low birth and death rates as a result of technological development is called

• demographic transition theory.

The study of the size, composition, and distribution of populations is known as

• demography.

In order to a have negative population growth, a country must have

• greater numbers of deaths and emigration than births and immigration.

Migration takes two forms. What are they?

• immigration and emigration

demographers define fertility as the maximum number of children that could be born to a woman if she reproduced at maximum capacity.

false

Eighty countries, comprising more than half of the world's population, are suffering serious water shortages.

• False

Official immigration statistics reflect the actual number of immigrants who arrive in this country.

• False

U.S. residences, businesses, and institutions throw away more than 243 billion tons of trash each year.

• False

All nations go through the demographic transition in the exact same manner.

• Fasle

In 2011, the African American infant mortality rate was more than twice that of white infants.

• True

What was Thomas Malthus's view on global population, according to what he wrote in his An Essay on Population (1798)?

• Global population, if left unchecked, would exceed the available food supply.

Which of the following statements accurately describes the population growth of low-income nations?

• High-income nations have a lower population growth rate than low-income nations.

Which of the following statements regarding population growth is true?

• High-income nations have a lower population growth rate than low-income nations.

which of the following statements regarding population growth is true?

• High-income nations have a lower population growth rate than low-income nations.

Which perspective explains that environmental problems are made worse by people's subjective assessment of reality?

• Interactionist

What did Karl Marx and Frederick Engels blame for problems with the food supply?

• Poverty

Which of the following statements regarding environmental degradation is true?

• The drastic increase in air pollution that began in the 20th century has placed an undue burden on the atmosphere's ecosystem service

Which of the following statements regarding infant mortality rates is true?

• The infant mortality rate is the number of deaths of infants under one year of age per 1,000 live births in a given year.

Which of the following statements is true of the percentage of the population made up of children under the age of eighteen in the United States?

• The percentage of the population made up of children under the age of 18 hit a new low in the second decade of the 21st century.

Desertification takes place in high-, middle- and low-income nations, but the effects are more devastating to middle- and low-income nations.

• True

Excessive quantities of carbon dioxide, water vapor, methane and nitrous oxide in the atmosphere contribute to the greenhouse effect.

• True

Neo-Malthusians believe that overpopulation and rapid population growth exacerbate global environmental problems, including global warming and rainforest destruction.

• True

On a global basis, immigration and internal migration are causing urban populations to grow faster than the total population

• True

On a global basis, immigration and internal migration are causing urban populations to grow faster than the total population.

• True

A person who has been granted lawful permanent residence in the United States is called

• a legal permanent resident

Which environmental condition is caused by large concentrations of sulfuric and nitric acids that enter the atmosphere primarily from the burning of fuel and car and truck exhausts?

• acid rains

The approach to reducing global food shortages known as the biotechnological revolution

• includes any technique that uses microorganisms to modify or improve plants or animals.

Life expectancy

• is higher for women than men in the United States.

Mortality

• is the number of deaths that occur in a specific population.

Juanita is a white female born in Oregon in 2009. What is her life expectancy?

• nearly 81 years

The biological and social characteristics of a population, including such attributes as age, sex, race and marital status, education, occupation, income and size of household is called what?

• population composition

Zero population growth

• refers to a situation in which there is a balance among births, deaths, and migration, resulting in a totally stable population from year to year.

Crude birth rate

• refers to the number of live births per 1000 people in a population in a given year.

Some functionalist perspectives on environmental problems focus on

• the neo-Malthusian approach to controlling population.

In what stage of demographic transition theory does the population grow very slowly, if at all?

• the postindustrial stage

According to the World Health Organization, which of the following populations are most likely to experience malnutrition?

• women and young children

The measure of fertility focuses on

• women, because pregnancy and childbirth are more easily quantified than biological fatherhood.