CHAP 4 & 5 test

b. a transmembrane protein.

A protein that spans the phospholipid bilayer one or more times is a. a glycoprotein. b. a transmembrane protein. c. an extracellular matrix protein. d. a peripheral protein.

cell wall

A rigid outer layer that maintains the shape of plant cells.

a. Use a small, nonpolar solute instead of a protein

A scientist designed an experiment to test an artificial membrane that mimics the phospholipid bilayer of a cell. The scientist built a tube that was divided by an artificial membrane and filled with distilled water. The scientist put a known amount of a protein into the water on one side of the membrane. After some time, the scientist measured the concentration of the protein on either side of the membrane but found that there had been no change. Which of the following experimental changes would allow the scientist to observe transport of a solute across the artificial membrane? a. Use a small, nonpolar solute instead of a protein b. Increase the temperature of the solution c. Increase the solute concentration in the solution d. Add artificial aquaporins to the membrane

a. Simple squamous cells

A student calculated the average surface area-to-volume ration of four different types of human epithelial cells. Simple squamous: 9 Simple cuboidal: 6 Simple columnar: 4 Simple spherical: 3 Based on the data, which type of cell would be best suited for the lining the alveoli of the lungs, where diffusion of carbon dioxide and oxygen must occur very rapidly? a. Simple squamous cells b. Simple columnar cells c. Simple cuboidal cells d. Simple spherical cells

a. Placing salt water in chamber A and distilled water in chamber B

A student placed a semipermeable membrane inside a U-shaped channel with two chambers, as shown. The membrane permits the movement of water but not salt. The student wants to vary the rate of osmosis that occurs across the membrane. Which of the following experimental designs will result in the fastest net rate of water movement into chamber A? a. Placing salt water in chamber A and distilled water in chamber B b. Placing distilled water in both chambers c. Placing salt water in both chambers d. Placing distilled water in Chamber A and salt water in chamber B

c. amphipathic, with at least one hydrophobic and one hydrophilic region.

An integral membrane protein would have to be a. composed primarily of alpha helix structural domains. b. exposed to water on only one surface of the membrane. c. amphipathic, with at least one hydrophobic and one hydrophilic region. d. hydrophilic.

The water potential of the cell is -12.5 bars. Due to the net movement of water the cell will SWELL.

Calculate the water potential of a cell with no cell wall that has a 0.5M sucrose concentration and is at 27°C and describe what would happen to this cell if placed in a solution with a water potential of -3.0 bars? Will the cell shrivel OR swell?

Lysosomes

Digestive organelle where macromolecules are broken down.

Cilia

Found in some animal cells; Hair-like projections that can "beat" to cause an organism to move through a fluid

c. Rough ER; Golgi apparatus; vesicle

If a cell is making a protein that is then going to be modified and packaged for export out of the cell, what is the order of structures it will most likely pass through? a. Golgi apparatus; rough ER; ribosome b. Smooth ER; Golgi apparatus; vesicle c. Rough ER; Golgi apparatus; vesicle d. Rough ER; Golgi apparatus; lysosome e. Vesicle; smooth ER; Golgi apparatus

d. absorb water and eventually burst.

If a hospital patient is mistakenly given an IV of pure water instead of a saline solution (isotonic to blood) the patient's red blood cells will a. shrink and collapse. b. transport equal amounts of water across the cell membrane in both directions. c. release water along its concentration gradient. d. absorb water and eventually burst.

d. Outside the cell

If a plant cell with a water potential of -1.5 bars is placed in a beaker of sugar water with a water potential of -4.0 bars. In which direction will the net flow of water be? a. Inside the cell b. Equal in both into and out of the cell c. Water will stop moving entirely d. Outside the cell

Ribosome

Located outside rough ER; functions in protein synthesis

c. Water will leave the cells, causing them to shrivel and collapse.

Mammalian blood contains the equivalent of 0.15 M NaCl. Seawater contains the equivalent of 0.45 M NaCl. What will happen if red blood cells are transferred to seawater? a. The blood cells will take up water, swell, and eventually burst. b. NaCl will be exported from the red blood cells by facilitated diffusion. c. Water will leave the cells, causing them to shrivel and collapse. d. NaCl will passively diffuse into the red blood cells.

Smooth ER

Modifies and assembles lipids for shipment to other parts of the cell; synthesizes membranes

e. a larger surface area-to-volume ratio increases the efficiency of processes within the cell.

Most cells are small because a. small cells lose less heat to the environment than large cells. b. small cells are able to live longer than large cells. c. it is easier to package small cells within a cell wall. d. a reduced surface area-to-volume ratio increases metabolic rates within the cell. e. a larger surface area-to-volume ratio increases the efficiency of processes within the cell.

Nucleolus

Non-membranous structure located within the nucleus and responsible for the production of ribosomes.

Cytoskeleton

Reinforces animal cell's shape ans size; can function in movement

Rough ER

Studded with ribosomes; Modifies proteins that are destined for other parts of the cell

Nucleus

Surrounded by and envelope and stores DNA in the eukaryotic cell.

a. membrane potential

The cytoplasmic side of a cell membrane is negative in charge relative to the extracellular side. What is the voltage across a cell membrane called? a. membrane potential b. osmotic potential c. water potential d. chemical gradient

c. pinocytosis is nonselective in the molecules it brings into the cell, whereas receptor-mediated endocytosis is highly selective.

The difference between pinocytosis and receptor-mediated endocytosis is that a. pinocytosis brings only water molecules into the cell, whereas receptor-mediated endocytosis brings in other molecules as well. b. pinocytosis increases the surface area of the plasma membrane, whereas receptor-mediated endocytosis decreases the plasma membrane surface area. c. pinocytosis is nonselective in the molecules it brings into the cell, whereas receptor-mediated endocytosis is highly selective. d. pinocytosis requires cellular energy, but receptor-mediated endocytosis does not.

b. the glucose molecules are more crowded on one side of the membrane than on the other.

The existence of a concentration gradient of glucose across a membrane means that a. there is a high concentration of glucose on both sides of the membrane. b. the glucose molecules are more crowded on one side of the membrane than on the other. c. the glucose molecules are chemically bonded more tightly on one side of the membrane than on the other. d. there is a high concentration of water on both sides of the membrane.

c. helps orient cell movements during embryonic development.

The extracellular matrix of animal cells a. limits the cell volume by remaining rigid. b. contains plasmodesmata. c. helps orient cell movements during embryonic development. d. prevents cells from adhering to its components. e. is composed of cellulose.

a. To synthesize and isolate proteins for secretion or for use in the cell

The figure above illustrates a eukaryoic cell. Which of the following best describes how the three structures indicated by the arrows work together? a. To synthesize and isolate proteins for secretion or for use in the cell b. To synthesize all ribosomal proteins c. To catabolize nutrients and produce ATP for intracellular energy storage d. to synthesize lipids and modify toxic substances in order to render them harmless

a. The bag will contain more water than it did in the original condition

The following questions refer to an experiment in which a dialysis-tubing bag is filled with a mixture of 3% starch and 3% glucose and placed in a beaker of distilled water. After 3 hours, glucose can be detected in the water outside the dialysis-tubing bag, but starch cannot. Which of the following best describes the condition expected after 24 hours? a. The bag will contain more water than it did in the original condition b. starch molecules will continue to pass through the bag c. Water potential in the bag will be greater than water potential in the surrounding solution d. The bag will contain less water than it did in the original condition

b. has ribosomes attached to it.

The rough ER is the portion of the ER that a. is connected to the Golgi apparatus. b. has ribosomes attached to it. c. is the site of steroid synthesis. d. lacks ribosomes. e. is the oldest and was once the smooth ER.

b. outside the cell

The value for water potential in root tissue was found to be -4.5 bars. If you place the root tissue in a 0.3 M solution of sucrose at 20°C in an open beaker, in which direction would the net flow of water be? a. no water movement b. outside the cell c. equal water moving into and out of the cell Selected: d. inside the cell

c. Animal cells are generally in an isotonic solution, and plant cells are generally in a hypotonic solution.

Thinking about the environments where plant and animal cells typically exist, which of the following statements is correct? a. Animal cells are generally in an isotonic solution, and plant cells are generally in a hypertonic solution. b. Animal cell are generally in a hypertonic solution, and plant cells are generally in an isotonic solution. c. Animal cells are generally in an isotonic solution, and plant cells are generally in a hypotonic solution. d. Animal cells are generally in a hypotonic solution, and plant cells are generally in an isotonic solution.

a. it moves through aquaporin channel proteins.

Water can move quickly through the plasma membrane of some cells because a. it moves through aquaporin channel proteins. b. it moves through hydrophobic channels. c. the bilayer is hydrophilic. d. it is a small, nonpolar molecule.

c. Eukaryotes have organelles that allow for compartmentalization of cellular processes, which increases the efficiency of those processes.

Which of the following best describes an advantage that eukaryote organisms have over prokaryote organisms? a. Eukaryotes have a nuclear envelope separating their DNA from the rest of the cell, which increases the likelhood of advantageous mutations. b. Eukaryotes have mitochondira and chloroplasts c. Eukaryotes have organelles that allow for compartmentalization of cellular processes, which increases the efficiency of those processes. d. Prokaryotes lack a cell membrane and therefore are unable to control what enters and exits the cell.

d. The phospholipid bilayer allows the vesicle to fuse with the Golgi apparatus and the plasma membrane, allowing the exocytosis of proteins

Which of the following best explains how the phospholipid bilayer of a transport vesicle contributes to cellular functions? a. The phospholipid bilayer of a transport vesicle contains chemicals that digest the proteins made in the rough endoplasmic reticulum. b. The phospholipid bilayer physically connects the nuclear envelope to the rough endoplasmic reticulum, thus increasing the rate of transcription and translation c. The phospholipid bilayer contains enzymes that catalyze the conversion of hydrogen peroxide to water and oxygen. d. The phospholipid bilayer allows the vesicle to fuse with the Golgi apparatus and the plasma membrane, allowing the exocytosis of proteins

cholesterol

Which of the following is depicted in the picture?

glycoprotein

Which of the following is depicted in the picture?

b. proton pump

Which of the following is the main electrogenic pump of plants, fungi, and bacteria which actively transports hydrogen ions (H+) out of the cell. This creates a voltage across membranes and helps store energy that can be used to drive other processes such as the uptake of nutrients a. sodium pump b. proton pump c. receptor-mediated endocytosis d. ion channels

a. O2

Which of the following molecules would you expect to diffuse through the lipid bilayer of a plasma membrane most rapidly? a. O2 b. Na+ c. glucose d. sucrose

a. Water potential of -2.8

Which of the following solutions would PURE water move toward the most? a. Water potential of -2.8 b. Water potential of 1.8 c. Water potential of -1.8 d. Water potential of 2.8

a. It is a passive process in which molecules move from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration.

Which of the following statements about diffusion is correct? a. It is a passive process in which molecules move from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration. b. It is very rapid over long distances. c. It is an active process in which molecules move from a region of lower concentration to one of higher concentration. d. It is a passive process in which molecules move from a region of lower concentration to a region of higher concentration.

c. the transport of glucose molecules against a concentration gradient

Which of the following transport mechanisms will be affected most directly by a temporary shortage of ATP molecules inside the cell? a. the movement of water molecules through aquaporins b. the facilitated diffusion of Calcium ions into the cell c. the transport of glucose molecules against a concentration gradient d. the diffusion of oxygen molecules across the plasma membrane

a. mitochondrion

Which structure is common to plant and animal cells? a. mitochondrion b. centriole c. wall made of cellulose d. chloroplast

a. Peripheral membrane proteins

Which type of membrane protein would likely be most easily removed in a laboratory experiment? a. Peripheral membrane proteins b. Channel proteins c. Gated channels d. Transmembrane proteins e. Integral membrane proteins