Chap 41- Self-concept

A group of nursing students is attending a seminar on self-concept. Which statement by a student concerning self-esteem indicates a need for further education? "Children whose parents set limitations on their behavior have higher self-esteem." "Parental acceptance helps to increase a child's self-esteem." "Clear expectations set by parents help to increase a child's self-esteem." "Children who agree with their parents' opinions have higher self-esteem."

"Children who agree with their parents' opinions have higher self-esteem." Explanation: Parental acceptance, clear expectations, limitations, and freedom to express opinions are all associated with higher self-esteem in children.

The nurse takes the health history of a soldier who lost the right leg in a roadside bomb. Which question will the nurse ask the client while performing the health history? "How has the loss of your leg affected your body image?" "Has your family been a good support for you?" "Do you attend a support group of people who lost limbs?" "Will you show me how you ambulate?"

"How has the loss of your leg affected your body image?" Explanation: The human body is the self's physical manifestation. How a person pictures and feels about the body describes body image. Any deviation from the ideal body, such as the loss of a limb, might affect a person's body image. Asking how the client feels about family and friends would be part of the social history assessment. Watching the client ambulate is not part of the health history and may be performed during the physical assessment. A support group would be helpful for a client who lost a limb but would not be included in the health history.

A nurse is reviewing the health history of a client. Which statement documented in the history would lead the nurse to suspect that the client has a negative self-concept? Select all that apply. "I feel like I'm so ugly." "I like myself and my life." "What good am I?" "I'm such a horrible person." "Who would want to marry me now the way I look?"

"I feel like I'm so ugly." "What good am I?" "I'm such a horrible person." "Who would want to marry me now the way I look?" Explanation: People who do not possess a healthy self-concept are less able to cope with life, often expressing feelings of inferiority, self-doubt, and self-dislike. Statements that relate negative feelings (such as being ugly, questioning one's ability, being a horrible person, questioning attractiveness) suggest a dysfunction. Liking one's self and one's life expresses positive feelings that would be associated with a positive self-concept.

The nurse is providing care to a client who is recovering from mild myocardial infarction. The nurse determines that the client has an internal locus of control based on which client statement? "I've been eating healthy and taking my medication. Otherwise, it could have been a lot worse." "I'm just glad that the paramedics came so quickly when I called 9-1-1." "It was by chance that my sister, who is a nurse, was visiting me at the time." "Boy, I was really lucky that this was only a mild heart attack."

"I've been eating healthy and taking my medication. Otherwise, it could have been a lot worse." Explanation: A person with internal locus of control believes that personal behavior influences outcome and that he can achieve desired results. Therefore, the statement about eating healthy and taking medications indicates that the client believes that his actions influenced the outcome. A person with external locus of control perceives that outcomes happen because of luck, chance, or the influence of powerful others.

The nurse is caring for Mrs. Grace, a 26-year-old woman who has just delivered a healthy baby girl. Mrs. Grace says she wants to be a good mother and help her child develop in the best way possible. She asks the nurse, "What kind of self-concept is a baby born with?" The nurse's best answer is: "The differences between self and others are strong at birth." "No self-concept is present at birth." "The sense of self is very consolidated at birth." "The newborn has a beginning differentiation of self."

"No self-concept is present at birth." The newborn has no self-concept at birth. In late infancy, a baby starts to differentiate between self and non-self. In childhood, differences between self and others are strong. During adolescence one's sense of self becomes very consolidated.

A new mother of twins is struggling with role performance issues related to balancing the demands of motherhood with working outside the home. What question would be most appropriate to help the client move forward with a positive self-concept? "Why do you think it is so hard to raise two babies?" "Would it be an option for you to quit your job and stay home?" "What new behaviors might be necessary to help modify your current roles?" "What do you think makes this struggle that you feel?"

"What new behaviors might be necessary to help modify your current roles?" Asking "What new behaviors might be necessary to help modify your current roles?" allows the client to think through what she could do to regain a sense of balance in the performance of her role. The other options are judgmental or impose solutions versus allowing the client to think through the options related to the role struggle.

A client is requesting that the nurse speak with the health care provider regarding alternate treatment options. What comment by the nurse would be most appropriate to help the client identify and use personal strength? "I will discuss treatment options with your doctor and let you know what is decided." "You can speak with the doctor about all treatment options. I will stay with you while you talk to the doctor, if you like." "You are not helpless. When the doctor comes in you need to talk for yourself. I will stay with you while you talk." "I wonder if your spouse would be willing to talk with the doctor for you? I will ask your spouse for you."

"You can speak with the doctor about all treatment options. I will stay with you while you talk to the doctor, if you like." Explanation: Nurses frequently fall into the trap of "doing" for clients. Some clients have even learned to communicate a manipulative helplessness that encourages the nurse to take charge. Using a positive that could occur (the client can hear all the treatment options firsthand) allows the client to use personal strength, and offering to be present affirms that the nurse remains an advocate while "helping" the client speak for oneself.

The nurse is caring for a group of clients. Which assessment indicates a high risk for altered self-concept related to personal identity? A male client who reports feeling powerless in an executive occupational role A 12-year-old who is developing pubic hair and breasts A 12-year-old who has not started to menstruate A 40-year-old woman who is struggling to balance the role of motherhood with a career

A 12-year-old who is developing pubic hair and breasts Explanation: High-risk factors for altered self-concept related to identity include developmental changes (a 12-year-old who is developing pubic hair and breasts), trauma, gender dissonance, and cultural dissonance. A sense of powerlessness as well as failure to achieve developmental milestones (12-year-old who has not started to menstruate) indicate a high risk for altered self-esteem associated with self-concept. Balancing motherhood with a career indicates conflicting role expectations and is a role performance concern.

The nurse is assessing a client who is a single parent living away from family, attending college, and working full time. How can the nurse assist the client in sustaining a positive self-concept during times of intense stress? Assess the client's history of coping mechanisms. Tell the client that expectations are unrealistic. Place a consult for the client to speak to a social worker. Ask the client if alcohol is consumed to help relax.

Assess the client's history of coping mechanisms. Coping and stress tolerance influence self-concept. People who are able to adapt to stress and resolve conflicts through coping tend to develop healthy self-concepts. Assessment of previous experience should include past problems with self-concept, history of unsuccessful coping mechanisms, and lack of resources and support. Telling the client expectations are unrealistic is not therapeutic and not factual. Although the client may require a consult to speak to a social worker, this does not immediately address the issue of sustaining positive self-concept. Instead of asking the client about using alcohol to relax, it is more appropriate for the nurse to ask what generally makes the client feel better when the client has negative feelings.

A client had a traumatic amputation of the arm in a motor vehicle accident. Which intervention will the nurse use to assist a client in managing body image disturbance? Assist the client in exploring thoughts and feelings related to body image changes. Provide limits and set boundaries so the client can express grief. Assume self-care behaviors for the client. Focus on assisting the client through the sequential stages of grief.

Assist the client in exploring thoughts and feelings related to body image changes. Interventions for body image disturbances include assisting the client in exploring thoughts and feelings related to body image changes; encouraging the client to participate in self-care behaviors as able; understanding there is no correct way to progress through the various stages of loss and grief; and allowing the client to feel depressed, to cry, and to be angry. The nurse cannot provide limits or set boundaries as to when the client can express grief. Grief may need to be expressed at any time.

A nurse is working on a pediatric psychiatry floor. One of the nurse's clients is a 17-year-old girl who was admitted to the hospital for anorexia nervosa. The nurse decides, based on his assessment of this client, that he is going to help the teen accept responsibility for herself, help her define realistic goals, help her utilize resources to enact change, and will reward positive outcomes. Which nursing intervention is the nurse using with this client? Therapeutic relationship Self-evaluation Behavioral change Developmental

Behavioral change The nurse is using behavioral change to help his client change her current behavior and to assist her with improving her self-concept problems.

A nurse is providing care to a client who has undergone skin grafting to her face due to a burn injury. The client states, "I know it could have been worse, but my face will never be the same as it was. I haven't been able to look at myself in the mirror because of what I might see." The nurse interprets this statement as most likely reflecting which pattern? Body image Self-esteem Role performance Personal identity

Body image Although self-esteem, role performance, and personal identity are components of self-concept, the client's statements reflect her feelings about her physical appearance, or body image.

A nurse assessing children in a pediatrician's office would expect a child to achieve self-recognition at what age? At birth By 18 months By 3 years By 6 years

By 18 months Explanation: Stages in the development of the self include self-awareness (infancy), self-recognition (18 months), self-definition (3 years), and self-concept (6-7 years).

A client who has multiple sclerosis (MS) has been diagnosed with ineffective coping related to a diagnosis of chronic health alteration. What outcome is least appropriate to include in a plan of care? Integrates positive self-knowledge into self-concept. Reports feeling better about himself. Communicates his feelings in a way that is comfortable. Communicates a sense of helplessness to his spouse.

Communicates a sense of helplessness to his spouse. Explanation: All are appropriate outcomes except communicating a sense of helplessness. Some clients who are struggling with self-concept issues will communicate manipulative helplessness that encourages another (the spouse or nurse) to take charge. This does not promote coping or acceptance of self.

The nurse is performing a psychosocial assessment on an older adult client. For which issue of clients in their later adult years should the nurse assess as a priority? Cognitive abilities because all aging people develop some form of dementia Self-knowledge and understanding of body changes How realistic the adult's expectations are and the incentive they provide for growth and development Depression and substance use

Depression and substance use Explanation: An overlooked assessment is often the one addressing the signs of depression and substance use in the later age groups. This is a priority, because it may affect all physiological activity. Adult expectations for growth and development are seen in adulthood and not late adulthood. Assessing self-knowledge of body changes are found within the adolescent age group. Aging does not automatically include dementia, and cognitive ability may be assessed secondary to depression and substance use.

The nurse is working on the rehabilitation unit caring for a 16-year-old client who has suffered a traumatic amputation of the left leg. During the physical assessment, the client comments to the nurse, "I hate the way I look now with my leg gone." Which action will the nurse take to support the client? Discuss the benefit of talking with others who have lost a limb. Encourage the client to resume work to divert attention from the loss. Demonstrate fashions that conceal the loss of the leg. Provide constant privacy to prevent embarrassment.

Discuss the benefit of talking with others who have lost a limb

The nurse is working on the rehabilitation unit caring for a 16-year-old client who has suffered a traumatic amputation of the left leg. During the physical assessment, the client comments to the nurse, "I hate the way I look now with my leg gone." Which action will the nurse take to support the client? Discuss the benefit of talking with others who have lost a limb. Encourage the client to resume work to divert attention from the loss. Demonstrate fashions that conceal the loss of the leg. Provide constant privacy to prevent embarrassment.

Discuss the benefit of talking with others who have lost a limb. The client should be referred to a support group to learn more about how others cope with such a loss. By beginning that discussion the nurse will support the client to begin healing. An extreme need for privacy may be reflective of impaired self-concept and does not prevent embarrassment. A lack of self-esteem may indicate an impairment in self-worth. Demonstrating fashions to conceal the leg can be beneficial in the long run but cannot take the place of confronting one's feelings. Returning to work can help to maintain role performance but should not be allowed to be a way to deny feelings.

A female client, prominent in the local media, has had surgery for a colostomy. The client avoids looking at the colostomy and refuses visitors. Identify the most appropriate nursing diagnosis. Altered Self-Esteem related to colostomy and poor self-image Disturbed Body Image related to colostomy as evidenced by avoidance of colostomy Fear of Rejection by Others related to colostomy and altered self-image Altered Role Performance related to inability to cope with visitors

Disturbed Body Image related to colostomy as evidenced by avoidance of colostomy Explanation: Disturbed Body Image possesses the clinical cues of behaviors of avoidance, monitoring, or acknowledgement of one's body.

A client is telling the nurse about the client's two children, a toddler and a preschool-aged child. The client talks about providing them with colorful toys and puzzles and how much the client enjoys playing with them and reading to them. Which other strategies can be shared with the client to promote healthy development in the children? Demonstrate bad behavior to educate about good behavior. Make decisions for the children to model right from wrong. Discipline the children to establish boundaries. Encourage participation in family health behaviors.

Encourage participation in family health behaviors. Explanation: Allowing the children to participate in family health behaviors will focus on good behavior and encourage participation and future development of positive habits. Making decisions for children, rather than helping them to come to a decision, will not model good habits. Disciplining a child only establishes boundaries when a problem arises. Modeling bad behavior as a method of influencing good behavior is not an effective methodology.

A client with cancer has a family who is emotionally supportive of the client. Having a supportive family is which type of resource? External resource Internal resource Professional resource Financial resource

External resource Explanation: A person's situational support is considered an external resource, whereas a person's coping mechanisms are internal resources. A health care professional is a professional resource. Financial resources are provided by income, benefits, and contributions.

Which question would the nurse include on a self-concept assessment related to body image? Do you like who you are? Who influenced you the most growing up? How do you feel about any physical changes you noticed recently? Who would you most like to be?

How do you feel about any physical changes you noticed recently? Body image is the person's subjective view of one's physical appearance. Therefore, asking a client how he or she feels about physical changes addresses body image. "Do you like who you are?" assesses a person's self-esteem. Asking "Who influenced you the most growing up?" and "Who would you most like to be?" assesses a person's self-expectation.

Which question would provide the nurse with the information needed first when assessing self-concept? How would you describe yourself to others? Do you like yourself? What do you see yourself doing 5 years from now? What are some of your personal strengths?

How would you describe yourself to others? Explanation: Global self is the term used to describe the composite of all the basic facts, qualities, traits, images, and feelings one holds about oneself. Global self provides the basis for assessing a person's self-concept. How well one likes themselves refers to self-esteem. The ideal self is assessed by asking clients what they see themselves doing in 5 years. Identifying personal strengths refers to personal identity.

A student nurse is preparing a care plan for a hospitalized school-age client focusing on ways to promote self-concept. Which intervention would not be appropriate? Allow for privacy. Limit visitation of friends. Provide age-appropriate activities. Teach parents about need for socialization.

Limit visitation of friends. Explanation: Interventions that focus on supporting self-concept in school-age children include allowing for privacy. Educate parents about the need for socialization and belonging. Allow liberal visitation and age-appropriate activities if hospitalized.

Which nursing action helps to maintain a sense of self for clients? Offering a simple explanation before initiating any procedure Assessing weight and overall nutritional status Asking the client to refrain from negative expressions Maintaining the privacy of the client's room number

Offering a simple explanation before initiating any procedure Explanation: The way nurses care for clients has a direct impact on the client's sense of self. By offering a simple explanation prior to any procedure, the nurse is respecting the client and shows that the client is a person first and foremost. Negative expressions should be encouraged and allowed. Privacy related to condition and keeping the body covered is important. The client's weight assessment does not help or hinder the client's sense of self.

The nurse is assessing for information about a client's self-concept. The information needed first is about which of the following? Gender identity Personal identity Sexual orientation Body image SUBMIT ANSWER

Personal identity When assessing self-concept, the information needed first is the client's description of self. Personal identity describes an individual's conscious sense of who he is. Sexual orientation may not be how someone identifies themselves, or may only be a small part of their personal identity. Body image and gender identity may also be only part of their self-identity.

A client started a nursing program and is trying to balance going to school full-time, a part-time job, and spending time with family. The client states, "I am trying to do everything and doing nothing well." Which role problem is this client experiencing from this role transition? Role strain Role ambiguity Role conflict Role agreement

Role strain Explanation: Role strain occurs when the person perceives himself as inadequate or unsuited for a role and can occur when a person is forced to assume many roles. Role ambiguity occurs when a person lacks knowledge of role expectations. This lack of knowledge causes anxiety and confusion. Role conflict is related to expectations concerning the role.

The nurse works in the emergency department and feels like they are becoming somewhat jaded about her nursing practice. The nurse talks to the supervisor about this and suggests making some goals for enhancing their self-concept as a professional nurse. Which of the following would be an important goal to establish that would build up the nursing self-concept? Schedule time every day to meet personal needs. Avoid weaknesses until they become strengths. Pursue a doctorate in nursing education. Keep last error in mind so that it is not repeated.

Schedule time every day to meet personal needs. These are goals that will enhance a nurse's professional self concept:• Identify basic unmet human needs, exploring positive means to meet these needs.• Schedule time every day to meet personal needs.• Assess the effect of feedback from significant others on self-esteem.• Describe personal strengths accurately.• Develop a realistic plan to achieve goals for personal growth and development.• Don't dwell on errors; remember them so you don't repeat them, but don't make remembering them a goal.• Pursuing a higher degree may be a worthy goal, but it will not enhance self-concept right now.• Avoiding weaknesses will not make them become strengths.

What term best describes a person's sense of his own adequacy and worth? Esteem Self-esteem Love Self-actualization

Self-esteem Explanation: Self-esteem is a person's sense of his own adequacy and worth.

A 24-year-old man is suffering from depression. He has come to the clinic today for a follow-up visit with his provider and the nurse has been asked to provide some client education on the antidepressants he has been prescribed. When the nurse asks him how he is feeling today, he responds that he is feeling down because he feels as if he is a failure. This scenario best describes which dimension of self-perception? Self-knowledge Self-expectation Social self Self-evaluation

Self-evaluation The client is talking about self-evaluation, which is the conscious assessment of the self. Self-expectations are goals that someone sets. Self-knowledge is a basic understanding of oneself. Social self is how a person sees himself in relation to social situations.

A child lists his favorite sports figures and tells the nurse he is going to be just like them. How does the nurse identify this human need? Self-knowledge Self-expectations Self-evaluation Self-actualization

Self-expectations Expectations for the self arise from various sources. The ideal self refers to who a person wants to be. These self-expectations develop unconsciously early in childhood and are based on images of role models such as parents, other caregiving figures, and public figures (such as a child wanting to be like a favorite sports figure). A person's self-knowledge includes basic facts (such as sex, age, race, occupation, cultural background, sexual orientation); a person's position within social groups; and qualities or traits that describe typical behaviors, feelings, moods, and other characteristics (e.g., generous, hot-headed, ambitious, intelligent, sexy). Self-evaluation refers to how well a person likes themselves. Self-actualization refers to the need to reach one's potential through full development of one's unique capabilities.

An adolescent client tells the nurse about asking oneself, "Do I like who I see in the mirror?" Which additional strategy can the nurse encourage the client to use to promote self-evaluation? Allowing life to unfold Taking a self-improvement class Meeting friends Setting goals

Setting goals Explanation: A client who asks oneself, "Do I like who I see in the mirror?" is engaging in self-evaluation. Self-evaluation is the conscious assessment of the self, leading to self-respect or self-worth. Setting goals will provide a client with a structured set of actions to attain. Allowing life to unfold does not provide structure for the client. Improving one's knowledge can be useful but does not factor into one's self-evaluation. Being more social may be a goal but is not a strategy for self-evaluation.

10am: patient asks: when my dad coming. --> he is at work and comes later 2pm: dad comes without waking patient 3pm: client cries bc of missing his dad'svisit 9pm: afraid to sleep bc he will miss his dad'scoming The pediatric nurse is caring for a 3-year-old child who is admitted for pneumonia. The nurse notes the child is becoming more depressed, see note above. When similar actions occur the following day, which action should the nurse prioritize? Speak with the father concerning the child's needs Wake the child the next time the father visits Ask the family to bring a photo of the father Arrange for the child to talk with the father via Facetime

Speak with the father concerning the child's needs Explanation: Self-esteem for a 3-year-old child is greatly influenced by parenteral acceptance. The child may begin to feel he or she has made a mistake or has done something wrong so the father does not love him or her anymore. The nurse should speak with the father about this concern, so the father understands how his actions are affecting his child. The other choices are possible options; however, the priority is for the parents to realize how much their actions are affecting their child.

A nurse student states, "I feel good that I put an indwelling catheter in my client without any problem even though it was an emergency." This demonstrates which factor affecting self-concept? Culture Inadequate coping Stress tolerance Values

Stress tolerance Explanation: Coping and stress tolerance influence self-concept. People who are able to adapt to stress and resolve conflicts through coping tend to develop healthy self-concepts. Stress tolerance is the ability to be relaxed and composed when faced with difficulties Inadequate coping: Inability to form a valid appraisal of stressors, inadequate choices of practiced responses, and/or inability to use available resources

A nurse is educating a client about smoking cessation. The nurse determines that the client has high self-efficacy. Which outcome would the nurse expect to occur? The client will be able to stop smoking. The client will voice reasons for not being able to quit. The client will focus on another activity. The client will refrain from participating in trying to quit.

The client will be able to stop smoking. Explanation: Individuals with high self-efficacy believe they can perform well and are thus more likely to perceive difficult tasks as within their abilities and something to be mastered. Conversely, those with low self-efficacy believe they are unable to do well and frequently won't even attempt a difficult task. A person with low self-efficacy may state reasons for not being able to quit smoking, may focus on another activity, or not participate in the smoking cessation at all.

A nurse is providing care to a newborn. When implementing care to foster the infant's self-concept, which information would the nurse need to keep in mind? Select all that apply. Newborns have a clear sense of self. The nurse can transmit self-concept to the newborn. The parents can convey their sense of competence to the newborn Anxiety felt by those caring for the newborn can be sensed by the newborn. The basis for the newborn's self-concept does not occur until older childhood.

The nurse can transmit self-concept to the newborn. The parents can convey their sense of competence to the newborn Anxiety felt by those caring for the newborn can be sensed by the newborn. Explanation: Newborns have undifferentiated selves; they do not experience a separate existence from others. Parents and other caregivers transmit their self-concepts, sense of competence in new roles, and amount and intensity of anxiety they feel to newborns. When parents are reasonably calm and communicate warmth and acceptance to newborns, they help their babies establish the basis for positive self-concept.

Which question would the nurse ask to assess a client's self-identity during a focused self-concept assessment? Who would you like to be? What do you like most about your body? What are your personal strengths? Do you like being a teacher?

What are your personal strengths? Explanation: Identifying one's own personal strengths describes a person's self-identity. Self-esteem is assessed by asking the client who he or she would like to be. Asking the client what he or she likes most about his or her body assesses body image. Role performance is assessed by asking the client about their satisfaction in his or her job.

Which question would the nurse ask to assess a client's self-identity during a focused self-concept assessment? Who would you like to be? What do you like most about your body? What are your personal strengths? Do you like being a teacher?

What are your personal strengths? Identifying one's own personal strengths describes a person's self-identity. Self-esteem is assessed by asking the client who he or she would like to be. Asking the client what he or she likes most about his or her body assesses body image. Role performance is assessed by asking the client about their satisfaction in his or her job.

Which question would the nurse ask to assess a client's self-identity during a focused self-concept assessment? Who would you like to be? What do you like most about your body? What are your personal strengths? Do you like being a teacher? TAKE ANOTHER QUIZ

What are your personal strengths? Identifying one's own personal strengths describes a person's self-identity. Self-esteem is assessed by asking the client who he or she would like to be. Asking the client what he or she likes most about his or her body assesses body image. Role performance is assessed by asking the client about their satisfaction in his or her job.

A construction worker age 33 years experienced a fall on a job site that resulted in a spinal cord injury. In recent days, the client has alluded to the fact that he feels "useless" because he now sees himself as "a burden instead of a provider." The nurse would be justified in choosing interventions to: address the client's negative self-concept. help the client develop a positive body image. enhance the client's mobility. temporarily perform all of the client's activities of daily living.

address the client's negative self-concept. The client's statements reveal a strongly negative self-concept, a fact that the care team should address in an appropriate way. The client's statements relate more to his role and ability than his body image. Enhancing his mobility may be beneficial, but this will not necessarily change the fundamental way in which the client sees himself. Performing his ADLs may exacerbate, rather than alleviate, his negative self-concept.

A nurse is assessing a client and suspects that the client is experiencing a dysfunction in self-concept based on which behavioral findings? Select all that apply. difficulty making decisions inability to discuss a change in body function intensive eye contact social withdrawal taking on of additional responsibility

difficulty making decisions inability to discuss a change in body function social withdrawal Explanation: Behavioral changes indicating self-concept dysfunction include lack of interest in activities, inability to make decisions, withdrawal from social situations, isolation, refusal to look in the mirror, refusal to look at an affected body part or discuss a limitation, avoidance of responsibility, show of hostility toward others, refusal to make eye contact, and negative statements about self.

During a health history, a client states, "Whatever happens, happens because of luck." The nurse interprets this statement as indicating: external locus of control. expectancy for success. internal locus of control. self-efficacy.

external locus of control. Explanation: A person with external locus of control perceives that outcomes happen because of luck, chance, or the influence of powerful others. A person with internal locus of control believes that personal behavior influences outcome and that he can achieve desired results. Self-efficacy is the degree of confidence a person has about the ability to perform specific activities. Expectancy for success means the person has a belief that personal behavior will lead to something desired.

A nurse is attempting to provide education to a newly diagnosed diabetic. The client states, "It doesn't matter what I eat, my future health is up to God." The nurse understands that this client has: internal locus of control. external locus of control. self-esteem deficit self-concept deficit

external locus of control. Explanation: A person with external locus of control perceives that outcomes happen because of luck, chance, or the influence of powerful others. A person with internal locus of control believes that personal behavior influences outcome, and that he can achieve desired results.

An infant who was born with Down syndrome, gastrointestinal anomalies, and cardiac defects has required nearly continuous hospitalization in the neonatal intensive care and pediatric care units of the hospital during her first year of life. To counteract the negative effects of prolonged hospitalization, the nurse should: facilitate as many opportunities as possible for infant-parent attachment. give the parents details about their infant's daily routines. remind the parents that their infant's circumstances are just as nurturing as a home environment. educate the parents about the fact that the infant is less emotionally vulnerable than an infant with no cognitive deficits.

facilitate as many opportunities as possible for infant-parent attachment. Explanation: Prolonged hospitalization has a strong potential to interfere with the formation of the interpersonal bond between the child and parents. A daily update of the infant's care routines does not allow for the interpersonal bond and the nurse should incorporate the parents in the infant's care routine. A hospital environment is profoundly different from a home environment. The nurse should educate the parents that the infant is very emotionally vulnerable due to the prolonged hospitalization and bonding is essential.

Which objective data obtained by the nurse from the client would indicate that a client has altered self-concept? Select all that apply. lack of eye contact client states, "I'm worthless." hand-wringing client states, "I don't want anyone to see me like this." below-the-knee amputation of the right lower extremity

lack of eye contact hand-wringing below-the-knee amputation of the right lower extremity Explanation: Objective data about the client's self-concept are gathered through direct observation. Client statements are subjective data.

Preschoolers exhibit sexual curiosity. This builds the preschooler's: self-efficacy. cognition. ideal self. self-concept.

self-concept. Self-concept continues to develop actively during preschool years. Preschoolers' sense of self becomes more defined as they realize that they are separate and unique. During this stage of development, children exhibit great sexual curiosity.

A rehabilitation nurse is caring for Steve Branson, a 23-year-old man, who has suffered a spinal cord injury and has tetraplegia. One of the rehabilitative goals for Steve is to attain adaptive patterns of behavior related to his injury. Which of the following would indicate that he is achieving this goal? Choose all that apply. refuses necessary help uses available resources makes decisions related to his care declines responsibility for his care depends on others for care

uses available resources makes decisions related to his care Explanation: Independence-dependence patterns include the following: (a) adaptive responses, in which a client assumes responsibility for care (makes decisions), develops new self-care behaviors, uses available resources, and interacts in a mutually supportive way with family; (b) maladaptive responses, in which a client assigns responsibility for his care to others, becomes increasingly dependent, or stubbornly refuses necessary help.