chap 5 vocab

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main-group elements

elements that belong to the p-block and s-block

alkali metals

group 1 elements. (lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium, cesium, and francium)

alkaline-earth metals

group 2 elements. (beryllium, magnesium, calcium, strontium, barium, and radium)

lanthanides

members of the rare-earth series of elements, whose atomic numbers range from 58 (cerium) to 71 (lutetium)

atomic radius

one-half the distance between the nuclei of identical atoms that are bonded together

valence electrons

the electrons available to be lost, gained, or shared in the formation of chemical compounds ... found in the outermost shell of an atom and determines an atom's chemical properties.

electron affinity

the energy needed to remove an electron from a negative ion to form a neutral atom molecule

ionization energy

the energy required to remove an electron from an atom or ion

halogens

the group 17 elements. (fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine, and astatine)

electronegativity

a measure of the ability of an atom in a chemical compound to attract electrons from another atom in the compound

ion

an atom, radical, or molecule that has gained or lost one of more electrons and has a positive or negative charge. charged particle

anion

an ion with a negative charge. formed by addition of electron(s)

cation

an ion with a positive charge. formed by loss of electron(s)

actinides

any of the series of heavy radioactive elements that extends from thorium (atomic #90) to lawrencium (atomic #103)

periodic table

arrangement of the elements in order of their atomic numbers so that elements with similar properties fall in the same group

transition elements

the metals that can use the inner shell before using the outer shell to bond. the d-block elements that are metals with metallic properties

periodic law

the physical and chemical properties of the elements are periodic functions of their atomic numbers

ionization

the process of removing or adding electrons from an atom or molecule, which gives the atom or molecule a net charge


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