chap 5 vocab
main-group elements
elements that belong to the p-block and s-block
alkali metals
group 1 elements. (lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium, cesium, and francium)
alkaline-earth metals
group 2 elements. (beryllium, magnesium, calcium, strontium, barium, and radium)
lanthanides
members of the rare-earth series of elements, whose atomic numbers range from 58 (cerium) to 71 (lutetium)
atomic radius
one-half the distance between the nuclei of identical atoms that are bonded together
valence electrons
the electrons available to be lost, gained, or shared in the formation of chemical compounds ... found in the outermost shell of an atom and determines an atom's chemical properties.
electron affinity
the energy needed to remove an electron from a negative ion to form a neutral atom molecule
ionization energy
the energy required to remove an electron from an atom or ion
halogens
the group 17 elements. (fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine, and astatine)
electronegativity
a measure of the ability of an atom in a chemical compound to attract electrons from another atom in the compound
ion
an atom, radical, or molecule that has gained or lost one of more electrons and has a positive or negative charge. charged particle
anion
an ion with a negative charge. formed by addition of electron(s)
cation
an ion with a positive charge. formed by loss of electron(s)
actinides
any of the series of heavy radioactive elements that extends from thorium (atomic #90) to lawrencium (atomic #103)
periodic table
arrangement of the elements in order of their atomic numbers so that elements with similar properties fall in the same group
transition elements
the metals that can use the inner shell before using the outer shell to bond. the d-block elements that are metals with metallic properties
periodic law
the physical and chemical properties of the elements are periodic functions of their atomic numbers
ionization
the process of removing or adding electrons from an atom or molecule, which gives the atom or molecule a net charge
