Chapter 04: Health of the Individual, Family, and Community

A nurse works with families in crisis at a community mental health care facility. What is the BEST broad definition of a family? A father, a mother, and children A group whose members are biologically related A unit that includes aunts, uncles, and cousins A group of people who live together and depend on each other for support

A group of people who live together and depend on each other for support Although all the responses may be true, the best definition is a group of people who live together and depend on each other for physical, emotional, or financial support.

9. Which of the following statements accurately describes how Maslows theory can be applied to nursing practice? A) Nurses can apply this theory to the nursing process. B) Nurses can identify met needs as healthcare needs. C) Nurses cannot use the theory on infants or children. D) Nurses use the theory for ill, as opposed to healthy patients.

A) Nurses can apply this theory to the nursing process.

18. Which of the following individuals would the nurse assess as being most at risk for altered family health? A) an unmarried adolescent with a newborn B) a newly married couple who ask about birth control C) a middle-aged man and woman with no children D) an older adult, living in an assisted-living community

A) an unmarried adolescent with a newborn

25. What is one method by which a nurse can be a role model to promote health in the community? A) by demonstrating a healthy lifestyle B) by becoming a member of a family C) by meeting own basic needs D) by exhibiting self-actualization

A) by demonstrating a healthy lifestyle

12. David and Susan are in a committed relationship and live together with their adopted twin boys. Which of the following best describes this type of family? A) nuclear family B) extended family C) blended family D) adoptive family

A) nuclear family

6. A nurse caring for a patient in a long-term health care facility measures his intake and output and weighs him to assess water balance. These actions help to meet which of Maslows hierarchy of needs? A) physiologic B) safety and security C) love and belonging D) self-actualization

A) physiologic

According to Maslows basic human needs hierarchy, which needs are the most basic? A) physiologic B) safety and security C) love and belonging D) self-esteem

A) physiologic

A nurse working in an "Aging in Place" facility interviews a married couple in their late seventies. Based on Duvall's Developmental Tasks of Families, which developmental task would the nurse assess for this couple? Maintenance of a supportive home base Strength of the marital relationship Ability to cope with loss of energy and privacy Adjustment to retirement years

Adjustment to retirement years The developmental tasks of the family with older adults are to adjust to retirement and possibly to adjust to the loss of a spouse and loss of independent living. Maintaining a supportive home base and strengthening marital relationships are tasks of the family with adolescents and young adults. Coping with loss of energy and privacy is a task of the family with children.

21. Which of the following statements accurately describes a characteristic of a community? A) Communities do not exist in rural areas. B) Communities are formed by the characteristics of people and other factors. C) Communities are not limited by geographic boundaries. D) Communities have little or no effect of the health of residents.

B) Communities are formed by the characteristics of people and other factors.

22. Which of the following is an example of a community factor that may affect health? A) rural setting B) air and water quality C) number of residents D) educational level

B) air and water quality

4. A 2-year-old boy arrives at the emergency department of a local hospital with difficulty breathing from an asthmatic attack. Which of the following would be the priority nursing intervention? A) giving him his favorite stuffed animal to hold B) assessing respirations and administering oxygen C) raising the side rails and restraining his arms D) asking his mother what are his favorite foods

B) assessing respirations and administering oxygen

19. What is the major effect of a health crisis on family structure? A) adaptation to stress B) change in roles of family members C) respect for family values D) loss of individual identities

B) change in roles of family members

11. Which of the following groups involves all parts of a persons life and is concerned with meeting basic human needs to promote health? A) peers B) family C) community D) healthcare providers

B) family

The nurse caring for families in a free health care clinic identifies psychosocial risk factors for altered family health. Which example describes one of these risk factors? The family does not have dental care insurance or resources to pay for it. Both parents work and leave a 12-year-old child to care for his younger brother. Both parents and their children are considerably overweight. The youngest member of the family has cerebral palsy and needs assistance from community services.

Both parents work and leave a 12-year-old child to care for his younger brother. Inadequate childcare resources is a psychosocial risk factor. Not having access to dental care and obese family members are lifestyle risk factors. Having a family member with birth defects is a biologic risk factor.

17. Friedman, Bowden, and Jones (2003) identified the importance of family-centered nursing care, based on four rationales. Which of the following is one of these rationales? A) The family is composed of dependent members who affect one another. B) If a family member is ill, it does not necessarily affect other family members. C) A strong relationship exists between the family and health status of members. D) The level of health of the family is established early and is not influenced by health promotion.

C) A strong relationship exists between the family and health status of members.

2. Which of the following is a tenant of Maslows basic human needs hierarchy? A) A need that is unmet prompts a person to seek a higher level of wellness. B) A person feels ambivalence when a need is successfully met. C) Certain needs are more basic than others and must be met first. D) People have many needs and should strive to meet them simultaneously.

C) Certain needs are more basic than others and must be met first.

16. A nurse provides health promotion and accident prevention programs for a family with adolescents and young adults. Which of the following is a task of a family at this stage? A) Establish a mutually satisfying marriage. B) Adjust to cost of family life. C) Maintain supportive home base. D) Maintain ties with younger and older generations.

C) Maintain supportive home base.

20. Mrs. Dunn has cared for her husband with Alzheimers disease for 2 years. She comes to a local health center because she is feeling worn out and stressed. What might be an appropriate nursing diagnosis for Mrs. Dunn? A) Dysfunctional Family Processes B) Health-Seeking Behaviors C) Risk for Caregiver Burden D) Risk for Anxiety

C) Risk for Caregiver Burden

10. Jim and Alice were recently married. Each has previously been married and had two children. What name is given to this type of family? A) extended family B) nuclear family C) blended family D) cohabiting family

C) blended family

23. Which of the following factors may be a barrier to healthcare services for those living in rural areas? A) inadequate healthcare insurance B) lack of knowledge about needed care C) living long distances from services D) decreased interest in health promotion

C) living long distances from services

5. A 75-year-old man is being discharged to his home following a fall in his kitchen that resulted in a fractured pelvis. The home health nurse makes a home assessment that will be used to design interventions to meet which priority need? A) sleep and rest B) support from family members C) protection from potential harm D) feeling a sense of accomplishment

C) protection from potential harm

15. What is the purpose of the affective and coping function of the family? A) providing a safe environment for growth and development B) ensuring financial assistance for family members C) providing emotional comfort and identity D) transmitting values, attitudes, and beliefs

C) providing emotional comfort and identity

The nurse is prioritizing nursing care for a patient in a long-term care facility. Which examples of nursing interventions help meet physiologic needs? Select all that apply. Preventing falls in the facility Changing a patient's oxygen tank Providing materials for a patient who likes to draw Helping a patient eat his dinner Facilitating a visit from a spouse Referring a patient to a cancer support group.

Changing a patient's oxygen tank Helping a patient eat his dinner Physiologic needs—oxygen, water, food, elimination, temperature, sexuality, physical activity, and rest—must be met at least minimally to maintain life. Providing food and oxygen are examples of interventions to meet these needs. Preventing falls helps meet safety and security needs; providing art supplies may help meet self-actualization needs; facilitating visits from loved ones helps meet self-esteem needs; and referring a patient to a support group helps meet love and belonging needs.

13. When providing nursing care to a patient, the nurse provides family-centered nursing care. What is one rationale for this nursing action? A) The nurse does not want the patient to feel lonely. B) The patient will be more compliant with medical instructions. C) The family will be more willing to listen to instructions. D) Illness in one family member affects all family members.

D) Illness in one family member affects all family members.

24. Which of the following definitions best describes community-based nursing? A) a focus on populations within the community B) a focus on older adults living in nursing homes C) care provided in the patients home for chronic illnesses D) care centered on individual and family healthcare needs

D) care centered on individual and family healthcare needs

8. A nurse caring for a female patient with TB who is in isolation is aware that the patients love and belonging needs may not be properly met. Which of the following nursing action would help to meet these needs? A) respecting the patients values and beliefs B) focusing on the patients strengths rather than problems C) using hand hygiene and sterile technique to prevent infection D) encouraging family to visit and help in the care of the patient

D) encouraging family to visit and help in the care of the patient

7. What action by a nurse will help a patient meet self-esteem needs? A) verbally negate the patients negative self-perceptions B) freely give compliments to increase positive self-regard C) independently establish goals to improve self-esteem D) respect the patients values and belief systems

D) respect the patients values and belief systems

3. An 80-year-old woman states, I have successfully raised my family and had a good life. This statement illustrates meeting which basic human need? A) safety and security B) love and belonging C) self-esteem D) self-actualization

D) self-actualization

14. A mother teaches her son to respect his elders. This is an example of which of the following family functions? A) physical B) economic C) affective and coping D) socialization

D) socialization

A nurse uses Maslow's hierarchy of basic human needs to direct care for patients on an intensive care unit. For which nursing activities is this approach most useful? Making accurate nursing diagnoses Establishing priorities of care Communicating concerns more concisely Integrating science into nursing care

Establishing priorities of care Maslow's hierarchy of basic human needs is useful for establishing priorities of care.

A nurse is practicing community-based nursing in a mobile health clinic. What typically is the central focus of this type of nursing care? Individual and family health care needs Populations within the community Local health care facilities Families in crisis

Individual and family health care needs In contrast to community health nursing, which focuses on populations within a community, community-based nursing is centered on individual and family health care needs. Community-based nurses may help families in crisis and work in health care facilities, but these are not the focus of community-based nursing.

A visiting nurse working in a new community performs a community assessment. What assessment finding is indicative of a healthy community? It meets all the needs of its inhabitants It has mixed residential and industrial areas It offers access to health care services It consists of modern housing and condominiums

It offers access to health care services A healthy community offers access to health care services to treat illness and to promote health. A healthy community does not usually meet all the needs of its residents, but should be able to help with health issues such as nutrition, education, recreation, safety, and zoning regulations to separate residential sections from industrial ones. The age of housing is irrelevant as long as residences are maintained properly according to code.

The nurse caring for patients postoperatively uses careful hand hygiene and sterile techniques when handling patients. Which of Maslow's basic human needs is being met by this nurse? Physiologic Safety and security Self-esteem Love and belonging

Safety and security By carrying out careful hand hygiene and using sterile technique, nurses provide safety from infection. An example of a physiologic need is clearing a patient's airway. Self-esteem needs may be met by allowing an older adult to talk about a past career. An example of helping meet a love and belonging need is contacting a hospitalized patient's family to arrange a visit.

A nurse caring for patients in a long-term care facility uses available resources to help patients achieve Maslow's highest level of needs: self-actualization needs. Which statements accurately describe these needs? Select all that apply. Humans are born with a fully developed sense of self-actualization. Self-actualization needs are met by depending on others for help. The self-actualization process continues throughout life. Loneliness and isolation occur when self-actualization needs are unmet. A person achieves self-actualization by focusing on problems outside self. Self-actualization needs may be met by creatively solving problems.

The self-actualization process continues throughout life. A person achieves self-actualization by focusing on problems outside self. Self-actualization needs may be met by creatively solving problems. Self-actualization, or reaching one's full potential, is a process that continues throughout life. A person achieves self-actualization by focusing on problems outside oneself and using creativity as a guideline for solving problems and pursuing interests. Humans are not born with a fully developed sense of self-actualization, and self-actualization needs are not met specifically by depending on others for help. Loneliness and isolation are not always the result of unmet self-actualization needs.

A nurse performs an assessment of a family consisting of a single mother, a grandmother, and two children. Which interview questions directed to the single mother could the nurse use to assess the affective and coping family function? Select all that apply. Who is the person you depend on for emotional support? Who is the breadwinner in your family? Do you plan on having any more children? Who keeps your family together in times of stress? What family traditions do you pass on to your children? Do you live in an environment that you consider safe?

Who is the person you depend on for emotional support? Who keeps your family together in times of stress? The five major areas of family function are physical, economic, reproductive, affective and coping, and socialization. Asking who provides emotional support in times of stress assesses the affective and coping function. Assessing the breadwinner focuses on the economic function. Inquiring about having more children assesses the reproductive function, asking about family traditions assesses the socialization function, and checking the environment assesses the physical function.