Chapter 1-4 Test HEA

Below you will see a list of techniques that individuals might use to make a positive change in their lives. Match the term with the appropriate technique: 1. presenting something positive following a behavior that is being reinforced 2. using a series of small steps to gradually achieve a particular goal 3. the customary manner of thinking and talking to yourself, which can affect your self-image 4. learning and adopting specific behaviors by observing others perform them 5. practicing, through mental imagery, o become better able to perform an even in actuality 6. substituting a desired behavior for an undesirable one

1. positive reinforcement 2. shaping 3. self-talk 4. modeling 5. imagined rehearsal 6. countering

What is the average life expectancy for Americans both males and females combined?

78.8 years

True or False: In general, males have a higher life expectancy than women

False

What is the leading cause of death for all ages combined?

Heart Disease

What statistic is used to describe the number of deaths from heart disease this year?

Mortality

Most people at this point are close to taking action towards a change in their lives. They've thought about what they might do and may even have a plan. What stage is this in relation to the "Stages of Change" model?

Preparations

Jake is being treated for depression by a medical doctor who provides talk therapy and has also prescribed medication for his condition. Which type of mental health professional is Jake seeing?

Psychiatrist

According to the PERMA model, which of the following strategies is most likely to enhance you well-being?

Set realistic goals and pursue them with effort

Loneliness is

a risk factor for depression and substance abuse

Everyday tasks, such as walking up the stairs or tying your shoes, are known as...

activities of daily living

After Kirk and Tammy pay their bills, they reward themselves by watching TV together. The type of positive reinforcement that motivates them to pay their bills is a(n)

activity reinforcer

According to the textbook, people who believe that they have power over their own actions are said to have ----. They are more driven by their own thoughts and are more likely to state their opinions and be true to their own beliefs.

an internal locus of control

The aspects of a situation that cue or stimulate a person to act in certain ways are called...

antecedents

suicide prevention techniques include

asking directly if the person intends to hurt himself or herself

A ----- is an appraisal of the relationship between some object, action, or idea (e.g. smoking) and some attribute of that object, action or idea (e.g. "smoking is expensive, dirty, and causes cancer" or "smoking is relaxing and I'm too young to get cancer")

belief

Melody has been experiencing severe mood swings, feeling highly energized for a period and then experiencing extreme depression. These symptoms are most closely associated with

bipolar disorder

Healthy People 2020 is a(n)...

blueprint for health actions designed to improve health in the United States

Recently, Kevin has been spending a lot of time playing online poker. Last weekend, he decided on a whim to fly to Las Vegas to try his hand at "the real thing." He lost over $5,000. This behavior indicates that Kevin may have

borderline personality disorder

Warning signs of suicide include all of the following EXCEPT a. compulsion to repeatedly perform rituals b. preoccupation with themes of death c. giving away prized possessions d. unexplained demonstration of happiness following a period of depression

compulsion of repeatedly perform rituals

Janice describes herself as confident and trusting, and she displays both high self-esteem and high self-efficacy. The dimension of health this relates to is the...

emotional dimension

together, self-awareness, self management, internal motivation, empathy, and social skills are MOST closely associated with

emotional intelligence

Intense feelings or patterns of feelings that people experience are

emotions

an awareness of what others might be going through is called

empathy

Which of the following is NOT a common sign of major depression a. memory lapses b. weight loss or gain c. feeling highly energetic d. oversleeping or insomnia

feeling highly energetic

what term is used to describe the expected number of years of full health remaining at a given age, such as at birth?

healthy life expectancy

Achieving wellness means attaining the optimal level of well-being for your unique limitations and strengths. The perspective we need to take regarding our health is ------, emphasizing the balanced integration of mind, body, and spirit

holistic

People who have experienced repeated failures may develop a pattern of response in which they give up and fail to take any positive action. This is called

learned helplessness

Sharon has lost two jobs in the past year. She blames her coworkers, who she says didn't like her. She claims that they were purposely trying to sabotage her and that she did absolutely nothing wrong. From her behavior, it is likely that Sharon has developed

learned helplessness

a mentally healthy student who gets a bad grade on an exam would respond

learning from the situation and improving study habits

After breaking up with his girlfriend, Lucas has been unable to move on. He is afraid of rejection and doesn't think that women find him attractive. He is probably suffering from

low self-esteem

Keisha has a negative attitude about life and puts herself down all the time. Keisha is displaying...

low self-esteem

the general term for a disorder that disrupts thoughts, feelings, moods, and behavior to the extent that it impairs functioning in daily life is

mental illness

biological and genetic determinants are things you cannot typically change or modify. Health experts frequently refer to these factors as ----- -----

nonmodifiable determinants

Evan washes his hands more than 50 times a day because of an ongoing fixation on germs; he is most likely suffering from

obsessive-compulsive disorder

a type of mental illness that involves inflexible patterns of thought that, in many cases, lead to socially distressing behavior is a(n)

personality disorder

Paulo cannot recall a time when he did not feel terrified of spiders. He could be experiencing a(n)

phobia

the definition of health includes the ever-changing process of achieving individual potential in which of the following dimensions?

physical, social, emotional, mental/intellectual, spiritual, environmental

Mark the four most significant factors leading to chronic disease among Americans today. 1. lack of regular doctor visits and check ups 2. unprotected sex 3. poor nutrition 4. lack of physical activity 5. drug use 6. tobacco use 7.excessive alcohol consumption

poor nutrition, lack of physical activity, tobacco use, excessive alcohol consumption

a person who experiences flashbacks after a violent mugging might be suffering from

port-traumatic stress disorder

the mental health professional whose treatment is most likely to be based on Freud's theories is a

psychoanalyst

a term used to encompass mental, emotional, social, and spiritual dimensions of health is

psychological

a researcher observes that stage actors frequently come down with a cold after the close of a long run of a show. This type of study would best be classified as

psychoneuroimmunology

Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD) is associated with

reduced exposure to sunlight

a psychologically healthy person is

resilient

According to the textbook, this is a belief in one's ability to perform a task successfully...

self-efficacy

Jose's belief that he can successfully pass his biology midterm is an example of

self-efficacy

a person's realistic sense of self-respect or self-worth is referred to as

self-esteem

What strategy for change is advised for an individual in the preparation stage?

setting realistic goals

Suppose you want to lose 20 pounds. To reach your goal, you take small steps. You start by joining a support group and counting calories. After 2 weeks, you begin an exercise program and gradually build up your desired fitness level. What behavior change strategy are you using?

shaping

a network of people and services with which we share ties and which provide support is

social support

Lisa has a strong sense of purpose and meaning to her life. Lisa is demonstrating...

spiritual health

Marie's parents have given her money for a down payment on a new car; they are providing her with

tangible support

Spiritually healthy people believe

that they are part of something larger than the purely physical or personal dimensions of existence

The social cognitive model of behavior change suggests that...

the environment in which we live-from childhood to the present-influences change

Anxiety disorders are

the most common mental health problem in the United States

A dysfunctional family is defined as a family in which

there is violence; physical, emotional, or sexual abuse; significant discord; or other negative family interactions

psychological health is best described as encompassing

thinking, feeling, relation, and being