Chapter 1

13) ________ often occurs when organizations need far fewer people to operate today than in the past. A) Rightsizing B) Outsourcing C) Automating D) Offshoring

A) Rightsizing

25) Weber believed that ________ is the one best way to efficiently organize work in all organizations. A) bureaucracy B) time and motion management C) scientific management D) Theory Y

A) bureaucracy

17) Frederick Winslow Taylor recommended that A) a bureaucracy be established to provide order in the workplace. B) employees be carefully selected and trained to perform their jobs. C) a standard hourly wage be implemented to discourage absenteeism. D) workers be given more autonomy in the operation of their jobs.

B) employees be carefully selected and trained to perform their jobs.

3) In ________, behavior is studied carefully to see how a particular variable that is systematically varied affects other aspects of behavior. A) naturalistic observations B) experimental research C) case studies D) survey research

B) experimental research

2) Limitations of case studies include: A) It is expensive and time consuming to collect data. B) Empirical techniques may skew results. C) Findings may not be generalizable to other organizations. D) Confidentiality is difficult to maintain.

C) Findings may not be generalizable to other organizations.

16) Who published the groundbreaking book Principles of Scientific Management in 1911? A) Elton W. Mayo B) Frank & Lillian Gilbreth C) Frederick Winslow Taylor D) Max Weber

C) Frederick Winslow Taylor

19) Industrial psychologists Frank and Lillian Gilbreth are best known for the development of A) time and motion study. B) the bureaucratic model. C) assembly lines. D) the human relations movement.

A) time and motion study.

10) The ________ approach recognizes that behavior in work settings is the complex result of many interacting forces. A) contingency B) one-best-way C) scientific management D) open-systems

A) contingency

20) Time and motion studies were designed to A) find the one best way to perform jobs. B) reduce the need for close supervision of workers. C) set minimum qualifications needed by job holders. D) establish piece-rate plans.

A) find the one best way to perform jobs.

8) Employers need to be concerned about job satisfaction because A) satisfied employees are less likely to quit than those who are dissatisfied. B) accurate performance appraisal often causes job dissatisfaction. C) people are more satisfied when they are not required to work too hard. D) a satisfied employee is more productive than a dissatisfied employee.

A) satisfied employees are less likely to quit than those who are dissatisfied.

24) Classical organizational theory focused on A) establishing the means of controlling worker activities. B) the efficient structuring of organizations. C) the effective allocation of monetary incentives. D) effectively organizing the work of individuals.

B) the efficient structuring of organizations.

9) Which of the following organizations are, on average, twice as profitable as the Standard & Poor'ʹs 500 companies? A) A company whose managers accurately appraise the work of their subordinates. B) A business that developed a system of close supervision to monitor closely the work of its employees. C) An organization that treats its employees well with respect to pay and benefits, offers opportunities, provides job security, and shows fairness. D) A family-owned organization that gives priority to hiring and promoting friends and relatives of the owners.

C) An organization that treats its employees well with respect to pay and benefits, offers opportunities, provides job security, and shows fairness

5) OB specialists derive knowledge from a wide variety of social science disciplines. ________ is useful for studying negotiation and decision making. A) Psychology B) Political science C) Economics D) Sociology

C) Economics

15) The underlying principle of scientific management is to A) structure organizations for the efficient management of people. B) apply statistical analysis to the design of jobs. C) get people to do more work in less time. D) eliminate the need for first-line supervisors.

C) get people to do more work in less time.

4) Organizational behavior focuses on three interrelated levels of analysis: A) emotions, intentions, and actions. B)planning, executing, and results. C) individuals, groups, and organizations. D) thinking, feeling, and doing.

C) individuals, groups, and organizations.

23) A major finding of the Hawthorne studies is that A) working conditions impact productivity. B) employees work best without close supervision. C) organizations are social systems. D) employees are economic creatures.

C) organizations are social systems.

18) Frederick Winslow recommended that increasing employee wages would A) improve the relationship between managers and employees. B) make production costs too expensive and products less competitive. C) raise employee motivation and make them more productive. D) encourage employees to work fewer hours for the same weekly wage.

C) raise employee motivation and make them more productive.

21) The human relations movement A) emphasized the importance of employee training and development. B) encouraged employee participation in organizational decision making. C) rejected the primary economic orientation of scientific management. D) concentrated on redesigning the workplace to eliminate safety hazards.

C) rejected the primary economic orientation of scientific management.

7) Theory Y assumes that people A) are motivated primarily by financial incentives. B) are basically lazy and irresponsible. C) have social needs that influence their choices of work and employment. D) have a psychological need to work and seek responsibility.

D) have a psychological need to work and seek responsibility.

12) What is an open system? A) A structured social system consisting of groups and individuals working together to meet some agreed-upon objective. B) A system of communication that promotes two-way conversation. C) An interactive dialog incorporating feedback from all stakeholders. D) A self-sustaining system that uses energy to transform resources from the environment into some form of output.

D) A self-sustaining system that uses energy to transform resources from the environment into some form of output.

1) ________ is defined as "ʺthe multidisciplinary field that seeks knowledge of behavior in organizational settings by systematically studying individual, group, and organizational processes."ʺ A) Industrial psychology B)Organizational psychology C) Behavioral science D) Organizational behavior

D) Organizational behavior

6) Which of the following assumes that people are basically lazy, dislike work, need direction, and will only work hard when they are pushed into action? A) Scientific management B) Time and motion study C) Theory Y philosophy D) Theory X orientation

D) Theory X orientation

22) The human relations movement founded by Elton Mayo A) illustrated the importance of stable families in an industrial society. B) recognized the primary economic orientation of workers. C) found a consistent relationship between job satisfaction and productivity. D) focused on the noneconomic, social factors operating in the workplace.

D) focused on the noneconomic, social factors operating in the workplace.

11) A(n) ________ is defined as a structured system consisting of groups and individuals working together to meet some agreed-upon objectives. A) task force B) team C) open system D) organization

D) organization

14) Telecommuting involves A) restricting the personal use of the Internet and e-mail. B) using electronic equipment to permit conferences to be held at remote locations. C) permitting employees to choose what hours they will work. D) using communications technology to enable work to be performed from remote locations.

D) using communications technology to enable work to be performed from remote locations.