Chapter 1

In a study of the effects of noise on test performance, test performance would be the: dependent variable. experimental variable. independent variable. unknown variable.

dependent variable.

In the science of human development, "nurture" refers to: universal traits. biological traits. environmental influences. unique traits.

environmental influences.

What does the science of human development seek to understand? a collection of empirical data to determine the meaning of life. a variety of theories that have NOT been subjected to scientific testing. the works of Freud, Piaget, and Erikson. how and why people change over time

how and why people change over time

A statistical tool used to synthesize the results of previous, separate studies is called: an odds ratio. meta-analysis. factor analysis. cost-benefit analysis.

meta-analysis

Multicontextual development refers to: discontinuity. physical and social surroundings. direction of change. innate characteristic

physical and social surroundings.

What is the first step of the scientific method? draw conclusions test the hypothesis pose a question develop a hypothesis

pose a question

Science is needed in the study of human development because: non empirically based opinions arise from research. people usually agree on how children should be raised. research provides data and facts that will enable people to live full lives. the information we get from research is definitive.

research provides data and facts that will enable people to live full lives.

Which of the following is a drawback of longitudinal research discussed in your text? -Statistical analysis can be complicated because of the number of participants. -Participants do not "improve" over time. -Over time, participants may withdraw, move to an unknown address, or die. -The data obtained does not produce useful information.

-Over time, participants may withdraw, move to an unknown address, or die.

Which research method involves collecting data repeatedly on the same person as he or she ages? -correlational -longitudinal -cross-sectional -cross-sequential

-longitudinal

_______ analysis reveals variables that can be clustered together to form a composite. Factor Meta Lost-benefit Odds-ratio

Factor

Which of the following is TRUE of socioeconomic status (SES)? -Occupation is not a factor in determining a person's position in society. -Sometimes SES is called "social class." -Education is not a factor that is considered when determining SES. -Neighborhood is not a factor that is considered when determining SES.

Sometimes SES is called "social class."

The fetus develops fingers and toes between 28 and 54 days after conception. This is an example of: a sensitive period. a critical period. discontinuity. continuity.

a critical period.

A "hypothesis" is best defined as: a theory. a specific prediction that can be tested. a conclusion. a replication of a scientific study

a specific prediction that can be tested.

Development is divided into three domains: biosocial, cognitive, and psychosocial. childhood, adolescence, and adulthood. individual, family, and society. race, ethnicity, and culture.

biosocial, cognitive, and psychosocial.

A sensitive period for learning a language: a does not exist. b is actually a critical period. c is between ages 1 and 3. d is any time a person wants to learn a language.

c

Which is unethical research behavior? -halting the study if potential harm is suspected -offering a modest incentive to participate -changing the data to support the hypothesis -reporting results to participants

changing the data to support the hypothesis

Which of the following is the most important of the Canadian Psychological Associations four guiding principles? responsibility for caring integrity in relationships responsibility to society respect for the dignity of persons

respect for the dignity of persons

For which research method is the primary data source information gained from interviews and questionnaires? case study survey correlational scientific observation

survey

A multidirectional perspective enables researchers to recognize: what gains are made. what losses are made. that gains and losses can occur simultaneously. that shifts are gradual.

that gains and losses can occur simultaneously.

Which is an example of a participant's rights in a research study? to receive excessive payment for participation to have his or her name published in a research paper to decide that he/she wants to stop participating in the study to receive royalties from the publishers of the study

to decide that he/she wants to stop participating in the study

Which of the following is the primary role of an Institutional Review Board (IRB)? -to decide what topics should be studied in different academic departments -to make sure that only research which follows appropriate ethical guidelines is conducted -to double check the statistical analysis of research studies before they are published -to decide what research will be funded and how much to allocate

to make sure that only research which follows appropriate ethical guidelines is conducted