Chapter 1

Which of the following men coined the term positivism, and is widely considered the father of sociology? a. Auguste Comte b. Karl Marx c. Max Weber d. Emile Durkheim

a. Auguste Comte

Max Weber, George Simmel, and Karl Marx were all advocates of: a. Conflict theory b. Structural functionalism c. Capitalism d. Symbolic interactionism

a. Conflict theory

Qualitative sociology can be defined as: a. In-depth interviews, focus groups, and/or analysis of content sources as the source of its data. b. Virtual interactivity, online polls, and online gaming. c. Door to door sales pitches, cold calls, and press conferences. d. Statistical methods such as surveys with large numbers of participants.

a. In-depth interviews, focus groups, and/or analysis of content sources as the source of its data.

The view that social researchers should strive for subjectivity as they worked to represent social processes, cultural norms, and societal values

antipositivism

A hypothesis can be defined as: a. A way to explain different aspects of social interactions b. A testable proposition c. An attempt to explain large-scale relationships d. Philosophical and theoretical frameworks used within a discipline to formulate theories, generalizations, and the experiments performed in support of them.

b. A testable proposition

Eleanor is researching the effect social media has on worldwide political awareness and revolution. Felix is examining the effect World of Warcraft has on the romantic relationships of middle-aged men in his metro area. Eleanor's analysis is _____, while Felix's analysis is _____. a. Micro-level; macro-level b. Macro-level; micro-level c. They are both macro-level. d. They are both micro-level.

b. Macro-level; micro-level

Sociology is defined as the: a. Qualitative analysis of human phenomenon. b. Systematic study of society and social interaction. c. Quantitative analysis of social transgressions. d. Theoretical examination of life's origins.

b. Systematic study of society and social interaction.

Verstehen is defined by the text as: a. To maintain a moral conscience. b. To compare and contrast social facts. c. To understand in a deep way. d. To require proof of interpretation.

c. To understand in a deep way.

Political science teacher Mr. Jones asks his students to study how social media can influence public opinion by following famous activists, academics, and politicians on Twitter. While reading and exchanging each other's Tweets, some classmates became close friends. The first is an example of the project's ____________ function, the second is an example of the projects ____________ function. a. latent; manifest b. manifest; manifest c. manifest; latent d. latent; latent

c. manifest; latent

A theory that looks at society as a competition for limited resources

constructivism

A group's shared practices, values, and beliefs

culture

According to Durkheim, which of the following is NOT a social fact? a. A religious belief b. A law c. A custom d. All of the above are social facts

d. All of the above are social facts

Which theorist claimed that people rise to their proper level in society based solely on their belief in a meritocracy? a. Karl Marx b. Max Weber c. Herbert Spencer d. Emile Durkheim

d. Emile Durkheim

The process of simultaneously analyzing the behavior of individuals and the society that shapes that behavior (or, the concept that the individual and society are inseparable) is referred to as: a. Dynamic equilibrium b. Latent functions c. Dramaturgical analysis d. Figuration

d. Figuration

Weber's proposal of antipositivism influenced sociological researchers to ______ while examining different social worlds. a. Reject antiquated notions of privacy and consent b. Methodically predict situational outcomes c. Manipulate test subjects into answering difficult questions d. Gain a subjective understanding of human cultural norms

d. Gain a subjective understanding of human cultural norms

Please define C. Wright Mills' sociological imagination. a. The theory that man evolved slowly over time. b. The process of analyzing human behavior based solely on statistics. c. A series of interviews asking subjects about their sleep habits and dreams. d. How individuals understand their own and others' pasts in relation to history and social structure.

d. How individuals understand their own and others' pasts in relation to history and social structure.

Alona is examining the impact of the 2011 Penn State scandal on student morale and school spirit by distributing number-scaled surveys in her Introduction to Sociology class. Alona is employing a _____ research method. a. Qualitative b. Pathos c. Logos d. Quantitative

d. Quantitative

A technique sociologists use in which they view society through the metaphor of theatrical performance

dramaturgical analysis

A stable state in which all parts of a healthy society work together properly

dynamic equilibrium

Social patterns that have undesirable consequences for the operation of society

dysfunctions

The process of simultaneously analyzing the behavior of an individual and the society that shapes that behavior

figuration

The part a recurrent activity plays in the social life as a whole and the contribution it makes to structural continuity

function

A theoretical approach that sees society as a structure with interrelated parts designed to meet the biological and social needs of individuals that make up that society

functionalism

the organized and generalized attitude of a social group

generalized others

an attempt to explain large-scale relationships and answer fundamental questions such as why societies form and why they change

grand theories

a testable proposition

hypothesis

the unrecognized or unintended consequences of a social process

latent functions

a wide-scale view of the role of social structures within a society

macro-level

sought consequences of a social process

manifest functions

the study of specific relationships between individuals or small groups

micro-level theories

philosophical and theoretical frameworks used within a discipline to formulate theories, generalizations, and the experiments performed in support of them

paradigms

the scientific study of social patterns

positivism

in-depth interviews, focus groups, and/or analysis of content sources as the source of its data

qualitative sociology

statistical methods such as surveys with large numbers of participants

quantitative sociology

an error of treating an abstract concept as though it has a real, material existence

reification

specific individuals that impact a person's life

significant others

the laws, morals, values, religious beliefs, customs, fashions, rituals, and all of the cultural rules that govern social life

social facts

patterns of beliefs and behaviors focused on meeting social needs

social institutions

the social ties that bind a group of people together such as kinship, shared location, and religion

social solidarity

a group of people who live in a defined geographical area who interact with one another and who share a common culture

society

the ability to understand how your own past relates to that of other people, as well as to history in general and societal structures in particular

sociological imagination

the systematic study of society and social interaction

sociology

a theoretical perspective through which scholars examine the relationship of individuals within their society by studying their communication (language and symbols)

symbolic interactionism

a proposed explanation about social interactions or society

theory

a German word that means to understand in a deep way

verstehen