chapter 1

Which of the following is an example of a positive feedback?

the formation of a platelet plug during blood clotting

Which of the following represents the correct order in which the components interact in a homeostatic control system?

the receptor, the control center, and the effector

The dorsal body cavity is divided into which of the following subdivisions?

the vertebral/spinal and cranial cavities

Which body cavity is further separated into other cavities?

thoracic

Pericarditis is a disorder in which pain is experienced in the_________

thoracic cavity

The term pollex refers to the ________.

thumb

Histology would be best defined as a study of ________.

tissues

Generally what is the result of the negative feedback process?

to maintain homeostasis

One of the descriptions below is from the perspective of physiological study, the rest are from an anatomical perspective. Select the description below that comes from physiological perspective.

The contraction of smooth muscle in blood vessels (vasoconstriction) can reduce the flow of blood through the vessel.

Choose the following statement that is not completely correct regarding serous membranes.

Visceral pericardium covers the outer surface of the heart, and parietal pericardium lines the internal walls of the heart.

Homeostasis is the condition in which the body maintains ________.

a relatively stable internal environment, within limits

Which of the following describes the operation of the heart and blood vessels?

cardiovascular physiology

All living organisms maintain an external boundary. Which of the following systems functions only within the body?

circulatory system

Place the following in correct sequence from simplest to most complex: 1. molecules 2. atoms 3. tissues 4. cells 5. organs

2-1-4-3-5

Anatomical position is important because ________.

it allows a common point of reference for body position to help communicate anatomical relationships

In which quadrant of the abdominopelvic cavity is the stomach located?

left upper quadrant

It is wise to study anatomy alongside with physiology because ________.

physiology is only explainable in terms of the underlying anatomy

In which body cavities are the lungs located?

pleural, ventral, and thoracic

What is a vertical section through the body, dividing it into left and right, called?

sagittal

Which of the following cuts could cross the umbilical, pelvic, and nasal regions?

sagittal section

One of the functional characteristics of life is excitability or responsiveness. This refers to ________.

sensing changes in the environment and then reacting or responding to them

Which of the following best demonstrates the principle of complementarity of structure and function?

Bones can support and protect body organs because they contain hard mineral deposits.

Which of the following is the best explanation for why cells are considered the smallest units of living things.

Cells are the simplest structure to fit all of the characteristic necessary to be considered alive.

Choose the anatomical topic and definition that is not correctly matched.

Cytology: study of the structures in a particular region.

Which of the following statements most accurately describes the complementarity of anatomy and physiology?

Functions occur because of the anatomy that exists within the body.

Which of the following organ systems is involved in the uptake and transport of materials required for life-sustaining processes? I. Digestive system II. Urinary system III. Nervous system IV. Circulatory system V. Reproductive system VI. Respiratory system

I, IV, VI

Type I diabetes is caused when an individual does not produce insulin. Which of the following statements regarding insulin is TRUE?

Insulin is the effector that controls blood sugar.

What is the function of serous fluid?

It enables organs, such as the heart and the stomach, to slide across cavity walls and each other without friction.

Which of the following statements is the most correct regarding homeostatic imbalance?

It is considered the cause of most diseases.

Which of the following best defines anatomy?

It is the study of the structure of body parts and their relationships with one another.

Which of the following imaging devices would best localize a tumor in a person's brain?

MRI

The study of anatomy and physiology assumes and describes a healthy body. Select the description below that does NOT explain why this approach is useful.

Study of a healthy body is less intimidating and more familiar new students.

A small family was traveling in its van and had a minor accident. The children in the back seats were wearing lap belts, but still sustained numerous bruises about the abdomen, and had some internal organ injuries. Why is this area more vulnerable to damage than others?

The abdominal organs are not protected by a bony covering.

Which of the following is the proper description of the human body in the anatomical position?

The body is erect with feet slightly apart and palms facing forward with thumbs pointing away from the body.

Which of the following statements is correct?

The heart is dorsal to the sternum.

Select the most correct statement.

The immune system is closely associated with the lymphatic system.

One of the descriptions below is from the perspective of anatomical study, the rest are from a physiological perspective. Select the description below that comes from an anatomical perspective.

The innermost lining of the lungs is composed primarily of a thin tissue called simple squamous epithelium.

Which of the following statements regarding the umbilicus and the chin is true?

The umbilicus is caudal to the chin.

You are asked to draw blood from the median cubital vein. You will search for this vein in the ________.

anterior side of the elbow hand

Which of the following describes a parasagittal plane?

any sagittal plane except in the midline

Which of the following is the regional term that includes the head?

axial

The dorsal body cavity is the site of which of the following?

brain

The body cavities that protect the nervous system are located in the ____ cavity

dorsal

A good example of a positive feedback mechanism would be ________.

enhancement of labor contractions

Expiration (breathing out) is how the body removes excessive carbon dioxide from the blood. This is an example of ________.

excretion of metabolic waste

What is a vertical section through the body, dividing it into anterior and posterior regions called?

frontal

The study of large body structures, visible to the naked eye, such as the heart is called ________ anatomy.

gross

Anabolic reactions are chemical reactions of the body that build things, make them bigger or more complex. Catabolic reactions break things down making them smaller or less complex. If the rate of anabolic reaction in the body is much faster than the rate of catabolic reactions which of the following necessary life function will be accomplished?

growth

The thoracic cavity contains the ________. It is found ________ to the vertebral cavity.

heart and lungs: anterior

The coxal joint is most likely found in ________ region of the body.

hip

You are told to take an axillary temperature on a small child. You will place the thermometer ________.

in the armpit

Which of the following organs or structures would be found in the left iliac region?

intestines

The parietal pleura would represent a serous membrane ________.

lining the thoracic cavity

Prevention of water loss is a necessary function for life that would best fit in the category of ________.

maintaining boundaries

Which life process, which relies heavily on nutrient inputs from the respiratory and digestive systems, sustains all other life processes?

metabolism

Which of the following regional anatomy terms matches the anatomical description "anterior and most distal"?

metatarsal

Which subdivision of anatomy would include the study of individual cells?

microscopic anatomy

Which one of the following systems responds fastest to environmental stimuli?

nervous

Which organ systems function as control systems, communicating with other cells and organs to regulate their activities?

nervous and endocrine systems

Which of the following are survival needs of the body?

nutrients, water, atmospheric pressure, and oxygen

You are asked to take a person's heart rate at the popliteal pulse point. You will look for this pulse ________.

on the posterior side of the knee

A structure that is composed of two or more tissue types that work together to perform specific functions for the body is a(n) ________.

organ

Which level of structural organization is considered to be the highest level?

organismal

he anatomical position is characterized by all of the following except ________.

palms turned posteriorly

When a baby suckles at its mother's breast the stimulus at the breast is sent to the mother's brain (a region called the hypothalamus). The brain responds by releasing hormones to stimulate the production and the ejection of milk from the breast. This helps the newborn to receive nourishment and encourages more suckling. This example is best described as a ________.

positive feedback

Positive feedback differs from negative feedback because ________.

positive feedback tends to enhance the triggering stimulus while negative feedback tends to return the body to a homeostatic balance or "ideal" level

In a homeostatic control mechanism, which component monitors the environment?

receptor

Some of the nerve endings in the skin are sensitive to changes in temperature. They are part of a negative feedback mechanism regulating body temperature. These nerve endings represent a(n) ________ in the negative feedback mechanism.

receptor

With regards to a set point or normal limit, negative feedback always __________ a physiological value to the set point or normal limit.

returns

Which directional term is used to describe the relationship of the skin to the skeletal muscles?

superficial

What is the role of the serous membranes covering some organs?

to prevent friction between the organ and body cavity wall

Which of the following organs is least likely to be damaged in an automobile accident?

urinary bladder

Which of these is not part of the ventral cavity?

vertebral cavity