Chapter 1: Into to Psychological Science Attempt 1

Smiling is to feeling as ____________ is to _____________ -evolution; natural selection -behavior; mental process -conscious; unconscious -nature; nurture

Behavior; mental process

Which research method provides the best way of assessing whether cigarette smoking boosts mental alertness? -the case study -the survey -naturalistic observation -the experiment

the experiment

The scientific attitude of humility is MOST likely to be undermined by -hindsight bias -correlational evidence -random assignment -operational definitions

hindsight bias

Different accounts of the same behavior that together give us a more complex/complete understanding represent different -cognitive functions -unconscious motives -levels of analysis -natural selections

Levels of analysis

Three key attitudes of scientific inquiry are -pride, enthusiasm, and ingenuity -ingenuity, practicality, and certainty -certainty, creativity, and curiosity -curiosity, skepticism, and humility

Curiosity, skepticism, and humility

William James was primarily concerned with the __________ of the mind? -functions -elements -disorders -biological origins

Functions

In an experimental study of the effects of dieting on weight loss, dieting would be the -control condition -independent variable -dependent variable -placebo

Independent Variable

Which psychologists are MOST likely to be involved in applied research? -industrial-organizational psychologists -developmental psychologists -social psychologists -biological psychologists

Industrial-Organizational psychologists

Behaviorism dismisses the value of -science -introspection -spaced practice -applied research

Introspection

To describe the behavior of animals in their native habitats, researchers are most likely to make use of -survey research -random assignment -experimental methods -naturalistic observation

Naturalistic observation

Plato's assumption that certain ideas are inborn is most directly relevant to the controversy regarding? -conscious and unconscious thoughts -observation and introspection -nature and nurture -basic and applied research

Nature and Nurture

The SQ3R method encourages students to -read each text chapter quickly in order to minimize boredom -read each chapter without any preconceptions about what they might learn -survey a text chapter's organization before actually reading the chapter itself -read entire text chapters at one sitting in order to maximize comprehension

Survey a text chapter's organization before actually reading the chapter itself

Who wrote an important early psychology textbook? -Wilhelm Wundt -Ivan Pavlov -Jean Piaget -William James

William James

The placebo effect best illustrates the impact of __________ on feelings and behaviors -the double-blind procedure -random sampling -positive expectations -hindsight bias

positive expectations

Cognitive neuroscience studies relationships between -natural selection and genetic predispositions -childhood memories and psychological disorders -thought processes and brain functions -philosophy and physiology

thought processes and brain functions