Exam 3 Crash Course and Participation Quizzes- S Kelly
The image above is the light curve of an eclipse in binary star system with a red giant and white dwarf orbiting a common center of mass at which point above with the white doors be behind the red giant
Two
The largest known star is 2,000,000,000 km in diameter. What is the name of the largest Star
VY canis major
In the 1960s, astronomers were able to bounce radar pulses off of _____ to establish a precise value for the astronomical unit.
Venus
A lone neutron Is unstable and will decay with a half-life of only 10.2 minutes. Which of the fundamental forces is responsible for the decay of the neutron
Weak nuclear force
A star with a spectrum having a peek in the green part of the visible spectrum would appear_____to our eye
White
A really low mass red dwarf can live as long as a
Trillion year
Because they are incredibly dense objects, one cubic centimeter of a white dwarf mass is about
1,000,000 g, one metric ton
Our sun Will become a white dwarf with a massive about half its original mass and the size of a bout
1/100
The absolute magnitude of a star is the apparent magnitude of a star when the star is 10 parsecs from the solar system. If a star has an absolute magnitude of zero, then we know that the size luminosity is ____ Times that of our sun
100
The surface temperature of a newly formed white dwarf can be about
100,000 K
A star with a mass of 100 M is predicted to live on the main sequence for
100,000 years
According to Phil, The method of measuring parallax angle allows us to determine the positions of stars out to about
1000 ly
The precise value of the astronomical unit is
149,597,870.7 km
A magnetar Has incredibly powerful magnetic fields. As much as a quadrillion times the magnetic field strength of our son. Occasionally these will have star quakes, like earthquakes that can release energy in a flare 1 trillion times stronger than a typical solar flare. The amount of energy released in one of these events in the same as the sun releases in
250,000 years
A parsec is a distance used by astronomers to describe distance. Theoretically a star which is one parsec away would have a parallax angle of one arc second. A parsec is also
3.26 light years
The escape velocity of the earth is about 11 km, the sun has an escape velocity of 600 km. A neutron star can have an escape of 150,000 km. What is the escape velocity at the event horizon of a black hole
300,000 km
The lowest mass red dwarf can theoretically live as long as
5.5 trillion years
Lower mass stars cannot ever achieve a high enough temperature and pressure tonight carbon fusion. What is the temperature needed to fuse carbon in a star core
500,000,000k
From the data given, which star in the table has the greatest luminosity
58 Ori
It won't happen on its own but in order to form a black hole with a star The mass of our son, it would need to be compressed to diameter of only
6 km
If star a has an apparent magnitude of 4 while star b has an apparent magnitude of 6 then star a is ____than star b
6.25 times brighter
If you can magnify an atom to be 100 m across then the nucleus would be about the size of
A marble
A neutron star packs a mass of more than our sun into the size of
A small city
Why are 90% of the stars found on the main sequence
A star will spend 90% of its life using hydrogen into helium in the core
The star with eight solar masses will fuse hydrogen for
About 100 million years
Planetary nebula typically glow for
About 1000 years
The density of neutron stars matter, neutronium, Isabell 400 million metric tons per cubic inch. Phil tells us this is like squishing ______into one single six sided die
All of the automobiles in North America
Which of the following still our properties increases as you follow the main sequence from the right side to the left side of the HR diagram
All: Fusion, peak, core, core, surface, luminosity
When carbon fuses, it will produce all the following except
Aluminum
What will happen to the earth when the sun becomes a black hole
Bad question. The sun will never be able to form a black hole
Hotter stars tend to put out more _____ light than _____
Blue, red
White dwarfs emit ultraviolet and even x-ray radiation
But have a low magnitude because they did not produce a lot of light
In March 2011, a star which wandered into close to a black hole was
Completely ripped apart and briefly flared to be as bright as 1 trillion suns
All of the following are layers within the sun except
Conduction zone
In order to determine the distances from the other planet to the sun, first required us to know the
Distance between the earth and the sun
The standard candle method is a concept that says that if you know the absolute magnitude of a star or other objects and you measure the apparent magnitude of the star or object you can determine the
Distance to the star or object
What happens when a neutron decays outside the nucleus? Which particles do we see emerge from the decay process?
It forms a pair of particles, one proton and one electron
According to the formula, E=mc2 Matter is a form of energy. How long has the energy that makes up your body existed?
It has always existed
The gases expelled by a low mass star and it's red giant phase don't get very far by the time the star collapses to form a white dwarf. When the radiation excites the gas is the glow and we called a a
Planetary nebula
A low mass Star has a mass less than
Eight solar masses
This force is what prevents a white dwarf from collapsing any further under the influence of gravity
Electron degeneracy pressure
Most of the elements on the periodic table are produced by the expanding shockwave from a type II supernova. This process is known as
Explosive supernova nucleosynthesis
Which element has the most efficient nucleus
Fr-56 iron
A star spends most of its life on the main sequence
Fusing hydrogen into helium in the core
The stellar classification system has each letter broken down into 10 different classifications. The precise classification of our sun is
G2
When light escapes from a black hole, it appears to lose energy. This is known as
Gravitational red shift
The brilliant astronomer CPG Found that stars are mostly made of
Hydrogen and helium
Stars were initially classified in terms of the strength of their
Hydrogen lines
When the hydrogen in ours suns Core runs out, it will begin to collapse and heat up. What will happen in the shell around the corner as a result
It will get hot enough to fuse hydrogen
For a short while, astronomers were unsure of the source of regular radio pulses from space and gave them the name LGM 's.
Little green men
With higher pressure, the nuclear fusion process occurs more frequently, releasing more energy. The lower the mass of a star, the
Longer it's life will be
Which factor is most important in determining the location of a star on the main sequence
Mass
A high mass star is a star which begins with
More than 8 solar masses
Much of the red color and planetary nebula comes from hydrogen. The green color in nebula it was originally thought to come from an unknown element, but in the end it turns out it comes from ordinary
Oxygen
When the sun begins fusing helium in its core of the process is highly unstable and Phil Says the sun will go through a series of
Paroxysms
When a neutron star is formed, this force is strong enough to oppose the incredibly strong force of gravity trying to collapse it further.
Neutron degeneracy pressure
A star with a mass between eight and 20 solar masses will undergo a nuclear fusion in the core all the way up to iron before exploding in a supernova explosion. If the remaining core mass is more than one point for solar masses in less than 2.8 solar masses in this incredibly does object or form
Neutron star
The brightness of a star follows in inverse square law in relation to the distance from the star, very similar to the formula for
Newton's Universal Law of Gravitation
If a supernova remnant core has a mass greater than 2.8 solar masses, then what force will be able to stop gravity from collapsing the core?
Nothing, it is not possible to stop gravity
Oh be a fine guy kiss me gives the correct order of stellar classification as O, B, A, F, G, K, M. Which star is the hottest in the classification system?
O
Inside the core of a star, 4 protons join together to make
One helium nucleus
What is the number of white dwarfs that has been found in our galaxy
Over 10,000
As a graduate student Jocelyn bell is credited with the discovery of the first rapidly rotating neutron star, which she detected with a radiotelescope array. The rabbit rotation, together with the powerful magnetic field produces twin beams of energy which radiate away from the object
Pulsar
After its main sequence life, our sun will become a
Red giant
After the main life of the sun, where it fuses hydrogen in the core, it will become a
Red giant
A much larger but cooler star than our sun would be
Red supergiant
When a high mass star finishes fusing the hydrogen In the core and begins fusing helium in the core it will become a
Red supergiant
The parallax method requires that two photographs of a star be taking up two different times
Six months
How can we tell that to stars are nearly identical
Spectroscopy
Two stars which are the same intrinsic brightness, but star A is twice as far away as star B. How do their brightness is compared to our eyes?
Star A is 1/4 as bright as Star B
The figure below shows a binary star system. Which of the following correctly characterizes the spectrum of this spectral scopic binary system at the instant shown in the figure
Star A spectral lines have a larger red shift, while star B spectral lines have a smaller blue shift
A black hole with a mass between three solar masses and 12 solar masses is considered to be a
Stellar black hole
Because protons are positively charged, the experience in electromagnetic repulsive force when they are near each other. If protons collide and are even momentarily close together, then this force will keep them from flying apart
Strong nuclear force
What is the force that holds quarks together to form a hadron
Strong nuclear force
At the core of nearly every galaxy is higher mass black hole. The first one that was conclusively observed is the one at the center of the Milky Way with a mass of more than 4 million solar masses. These black holes at the center of galaxies are known as a
Supermassive black hole
One possible explanation for the weird, beautiful, and fantastic shapes of planetary nebula is that they
Swallowed some of their planets which then stir the interiors of the stars
Eratosthenes was able to determine the size of the earth by knowing that at noon on the summer solstice that light hit the bottom of the well in the city
Syene
Hertz sprung-Russell created a chart which compare the luminosity of a star to its ___ And discover that there was a pattern
Temperature
How does the metalicity of a young star compare to that if a much older star found in the same region of the galaxy
The young star will have a higher Metalicity then the older star, indicating it has been enriched by stars that lived before it
Which of the following statements is true about high mass stars
They have a higher mass, but fuse at a much higher rate than lower mass star so they have shorter lives
When an electron meets a positron what will happen
They will annihilate each other and covert to energy
The sun produces energy in the core primarily through
The PP
An astronomer observes a globular cluster of stars and constructs in HR diagram like the figure below. What can they learn by identifying the spectral class of the region marked X
The age of the cluster
When the sun is a red giant, what will happen to the earth
The earth may move out to a larger radius because the sun will exert a weaker force of gravity, but will become a molten ball much like when it was formed
The hottest mads sequence stars also have the greatest masses. Why do the greatest mass stars also have the highest surface temperatures
The greater the mass of the star, the greater the pressure and temperature at the core, resulting in a greater fusion rate. The greater fusion rate releases more energy which results in hotter surface temperature
According to Henrietta, the Cephied Variable stars obeyed a beautiful relationship that allowed them to be used as standard candles. Which of the following qualitatively describes the relationship
The longer the period, the larger the luminosity
When hydrogen is converted to helium through the PP chain in the core of the sun, for protons combine to form one helium nucleus. Which of the following statements correctly describes how this process releases the energy that powers our sun?
The mass of the helium nucleus formed is less than the mass of the four hydrogen nuclei. The missing masses converted into energy which powers our sun.
What happens when protons and electrons are pushed together under extreme pressure's
The merge and form a neutral neutron
On an HR diagram like the one below, which of the following statements would be true about the horizontal track shown
The radius is decreasing, the temperature is increasing
On an HR diagram like the one below which of the following statements would be true about the vertical track shown
The radius is inceeasing, the luminosity is decreasing
According to Einstein's theory of general relativity, the force that we perceive to be gravity is really just the warping of the fabric of space-time. The presence of mass causes this fabric to be warped and the larger the mass, the more it warps space time-
The slower the clocks will appear to tick
The sun will never be able to fuse carbon in the core, and the force of gravity will compress it into a small ball Only the size of the earth called a
White dwarf
These are small but hot stellar remnants found in the lower left of the HR diagram
White dwarf
A star with a mass of about eight solar masses
Will be able to fuse carbon in the core
According to phil, when comparedTo lower my stars, higher mass stars go out
With a bang
These photons are created in the core of the sun during the process of nuclear fusion, but luckily they are trapped in the radiative zone for nearly 100,000 years before their energy escapes from the sun as sunlight
gamma ray photons
The reason a low mass star can live so long is that
it fuses hydrogen fuel slowly and the region outside the core is convective so the fuel can make it back to the core where it will eventually be used
As the earth goes around the sun in orbit, we can measure shifts in the position of nearby stars relative to their background stars. This is called
parallax
As the high mass star fuses one fuel, the "ash" of the fusion reaction will accumulate in the core, and fusion in the core will stop. What happens to the core at that point?
the core shrinks and heats up until the ash is finally able to fuse
All protons and neutrons in the universe are baryons and made of exactly 3 quarks bound together. What flavors of quarks are used to make protons and neutrons?
up quarks and down quarks
