Exam 3 Crash Course and Participation Quizzes- S Kelly

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The image above is the light curve of an eclipse in binary star system with a red giant and white dwarf orbiting a common center of mass at which point above with the white doors be behind the red giant

Two

The largest known star is 2,000,000,000 km in diameter. What is the name of the largest Star

VY canis major

In the 1960s, astronomers were able to bounce radar pulses off of _____ to establish a precise value for the astronomical unit.

Venus

A lone neutron Is unstable and will decay with a half-life of only 10.2 minutes. Which of the fundamental forces is responsible for the decay of the neutron

Weak nuclear force

A star with a spectrum having a peek in the green part of the visible spectrum would appear_____to our eye

White

A really low mass red dwarf can live as long as a

Trillion year

Because they are incredibly dense objects, one cubic centimeter of a white dwarf mass is about

1,000,000 g, one metric ton

Our sun Will become a white dwarf with a massive about half its original mass and the size of a bout

1/100

The absolute magnitude of a star is the apparent magnitude of a star when the star is 10 parsecs from the solar system. If a star has an absolute magnitude of zero, then we know that the size luminosity is ____ Times that of our sun

100

The surface temperature of a newly formed white dwarf can be about

100,000 K

A star with a mass of 100 M is predicted to live on the main sequence for

100,000 years

According to Phil, The method of measuring parallax angle allows us to determine the positions of stars out to about

1000 ly

The precise value of the astronomical unit is

149,597,870.7 km

A magnetar Has incredibly powerful magnetic fields. As much as a quadrillion times the magnetic field strength of our son. Occasionally these will have star quakes, like earthquakes that can release energy in a flare 1 trillion times stronger than a typical solar flare. The amount of energy released in one of these events in the same as the sun releases in

250,000 years

A parsec is a distance used by astronomers to describe distance. Theoretically a star which is one parsec away would have a parallax angle of one arc second. A parsec is also

3.26 light years

The escape velocity of the earth is about 11 km, the sun has an escape velocity of 600 km. A neutron star can have an escape of 150,000 km. What is the escape velocity at the event horizon of a black hole

300,000 km

The lowest mass red dwarf can theoretically live as long as

5.5 trillion years

Lower mass stars cannot ever achieve a high enough temperature and pressure tonight carbon fusion. What is the temperature needed to fuse carbon in a star core

500,000,000k

From the data given, which star in the table has the greatest luminosity

58 Ori

It won't happen on its own but in order to form a black hole with a star The mass of our son, it would need to be compressed to diameter of only

6 km

If star a has an apparent magnitude of 4 while star b has an apparent magnitude of 6 then star a is ____than star b

6.25 times brighter

If you can magnify an atom to be 100 m across then the nucleus would be about the size of

A marble

A neutron star packs a mass of more than our sun into the size of

A small city

Why are 90% of the stars found on the main sequence

A star will spend 90% of its life using hydrogen into helium in the core

The star with eight solar masses will fuse hydrogen for

About 100 million years

Planetary nebula typically glow for

About 1000 years

The density of neutron stars matter, neutronium, Isabell 400 million metric tons per cubic inch. Phil tells us this is like squishing ______into one single six sided die

All of the automobiles in North America

Which of the following still our properties increases as you follow the main sequence from the right side to the left side of the HR diagram

All: Fusion, peak, core, core, surface, luminosity

When carbon fuses, it will produce all the following except

Aluminum

What will happen to the earth when the sun becomes a black hole

Bad question. The sun will never be able to form a black hole

Hotter stars tend to put out more _____ light than _____

Blue, red

White dwarfs emit ultraviolet and even x-ray radiation

But have a low magnitude because they did not produce a lot of light

In March 2011, a star which wandered into close to a black hole was

Completely ripped apart and briefly flared to be as bright as 1 trillion suns

All of the following are layers within the sun except

Conduction zone

In order to determine the distances from the other planet to the sun, first required us to know the

Distance between the earth and the sun

The standard candle method is a concept that says that if you know the absolute magnitude of a star or other objects and you measure the apparent magnitude of the star or object you can determine the

Distance to the star or object

What happens when a neutron decays outside the nucleus? Which particles do we see emerge from the decay process?

It forms a pair of particles, one proton and one electron

According to the formula, E=mc2 Matter is a form of energy. How long has the energy that makes up your body existed?

It has always existed

The gases expelled by a low mass star and it's red giant phase don't get very far by the time the star collapses to form a white dwarf. When the radiation excites the gas is the glow and we called a a

Planetary nebula

A low mass Star has a mass less than

Eight solar masses

This force is what prevents a white dwarf from collapsing any further under the influence of gravity

Electron degeneracy pressure

Most of the elements on the periodic table are produced by the expanding shockwave from a type II supernova. This process is known as

Explosive supernova nucleosynthesis

Which element has the most efficient nucleus

Fr-56 iron

A star spends most of its life on the main sequence

Fusing hydrogen into helium in the core

The stellar classification system has each letter broken down into 10 different classifications. The precise classification of our sun is

G2

When light escapes from a black hole, it appears to lose energy. This is known as

Gravitational red shift

The brilliant astronomer CPG Found that stars are mostly made of

Hydrogen and helium

Stars were initially classified in terms of the strength of their

Hydrogen lines

When the hydrogen in ours suns Core runs out, it will begin to collapse and heat up. What will happen in the shell around the corner as a result

It will get hot enough to fuse hydrogen

For a short while, astronomers were unsure of the source of regular radio pulses from space and gave them the name LGM 's.

Little green men

With higher pressure, the nuclear fusion process occurs more frequently, releasing more energy. The lower the mass of a star, the

Longer it's life will be

Which factor is most important in determining the location of a star on the main sequence

Mass

A high mass star is a star which begins with

More than 8 solar masses

Much of the red color and planetary nebula comes from hydrogen. The green color in nebula it was originally thought to come from an unknown element, but in the end it turns out it comes from ordinary

Oxygen

When the sun begins fusing helium in its core of the process is highly unstable and Phil Says the sun will go through a series of

Paroxysms

When a neutron star is formed, this force is strong enough to oppose the incredibly strong force of gravity trying to collapse it further.

Neutron degeneracy pressure

A star with a mass between eight and 20 solar masses will undergo a nuclear fusion in the core all the way up to iron before exploding in a supernova explosion. If the remaining core mass is more than one point for solar masses in less than 2.8 solar masses in this incredibly does object or form

Neutron star

The brightness of a star follows in inverse square law in relation to the distance from the star, very similar to the formula for

Newton's Universal Law of Gravitation

If a supernova remnant core has a mass greater than 2.8 solar masses, then what force will be able to stop gravity from collapsing the core?

Nothing, it is not possible to stop gravity

Oh be a fine guy kiss me gives the correct order of stellar classification as O, B, A, F, G, K, M. Which star is the hottest in the classification system?

O

Inside the core of a star, 4 protons join together to make

One helium nucleus

What is the number of white dwarfs that has been found in our galaxy

Over 10,000

As a graduate student Jocelyn bell is credited with the discovery of the first rapidly rotating neutron star, which she detected with a radiotelescope array. The rabbit rotation, together with the powerful magnetic field produces twin beams of energy which radiate away from the object

Pulsar

After its main sequence life, our sun will become a

Red giant

After the main life of the sun, where it fuses hydrogen in the core, it will become a

Red giant

A much larger but cooler star than our sun would be

Red supergiant

When a high mass star finishes fusing the hydrogen In the core and begins fusing helium in the core it will become a

Red supergiant

The parallax method requires that two photographs of a star be taking up two different times

Six months

How can we tell that to stars are nearly identical

Spectroscopy

Two stars which are the same intrinsic brightness, but star A is twice as far away as star B. How do their brightness is compared to our eyes?

Star A is 1/4 as bright as Star B

The figure below shows a binary star system. Which of the following correctly characterizes the spectrum of this spectral scopic binary system at the instant shown in the figure

Star A spectral lines have a larger red shift, while star B spectral lines have a smaller blue shift

A black hole with a mass between three solar masses and 12 solar masses is considered to be a

Stellar black hole

Because protons are positively charged, the experience in electromagnetic repulsive force when they are near each other. If protons collide and are even momentarily close together, then this force will keep them from flying apart

Strong nuclear force

What is the force that holds quarks together to form a hadron

Strong nuclear force

At the core of nearly every galaxy is higher mass black hole. The first one that was conclusively observed is the one at the center of the Milky Way with a mass of more than 4 million solar masses. These black holes at the center of galaxies are known as a

Supermassive black hole

One possible explanation for the weird, beautiful, and fantastic shapes of planetary nebula is that they

Swallowed some of their planets which then stir the interiors of the stars

Eratosthenes was able to determine the size of the earth by knowing that at noon on the summer solstice that light hit the bottom of the well in the city

Syene

Hertz sprung-Russell created a chart which compare the luminosity of a star to its ___ And discover that there was a pattern

Temperature

How does the metalicity of a young star compare to that if a much older star found in the same region of the galaxy

The young star will have a higher Metalicity then the older star, indicating it has been enriched by stars that lived before it

Which of the following statements is true about high mass stars

They have a higher mass, but fuse at a much higher rate than lower mass star so they have shorter lives

When an electron meets a positron what will happen

They will annihilate each other and covert to energy

The sun produces energy in the core primarily through

The PP

An astronomer observes a globular cluster of stars and constructs in HR diagram like the figure below. What can they learn by identifying the spectral class of the region marked X

The age of the cluster

When the sun is a red giant, what will happen to the earth

The earth may move out to a larger radius because the sun will exert a weaker force of gravity, but will become a molten ball much like when it was formed

The hottest mads sequence stars also have the greatest masses. Why do the greatest mass stars also have the highest surface temperatures

The greater the mass of the star, the greater the pressure and temperature at the core, resulting in a greater fusion rate. The greater fusion rate releases more energy which results in hotter surface temperature

According to Henrietta, the Cephied Variable stars obeyed a beautiful relationship that allowed them to be used as standard candles. Which of the following qualitatively describes the relationship

The longer the period, the larger the luminosity

When hydrogen is converted to helium through the PP chain in the core of the sun, for protons combine to form one helium nucleus. Which of the following statements correctly describes how this process releases the energy that powers our sun?

The mass of the helium nucleus formed is less than the mass of the four hydrogen nuclei. The missing masses converted into energy which powers our sun.

What happens when protons and electrons are pushed together under extreme pressure's

The merge and form a neutral neutron

On an HR diagram like the one below, which of the following statements would be true about the horizontal track shown

The radius is decreasing, the temperature is increasing

On an HR diagram like the one below which of the following statements would be true about the vertical track shown

The radius is inceeasing, the luminosity is decreasing

According to Einstein's theory of general relativity, the force that we perceive to be gravity is really just the warping of the fabric of space-time. The presence of mass causes this fabric to be warped and the larger the mass, the more it warps space time-

The slower the clocks will appear to tick

The sun will never be able to fuse carbon in the core, and the force of gravity will compress it into a small ball Only the size of the earth called a

White dwarf

These are small but hot stellar remnants found in the lower left of the HR diagram

White dwarf

A star with a mass of about eight solar masses

Will be able to fuse carbon in the core

According to phil, when comparedTo lower my stars, higher mass stars go out

With a bang

These photons are created in the core of the sun during the process of nuclear fusion, but luckily they are trapped in the radiative zone for nearly 100,000 years before their energy escapes from the sun as sunlight

gamma ray photons

The reason a low mass star can live so long is that

it fuses hydrogen fuel slowly and the region outside the core is convective so the fuel can make it back to the core where it will eventually be used

As the earth goes around the sun in orbit, we can measure shifts in the position of nearby stars relative to their background stars. This is called

parallax

As the high mass star fuses one fuel, the "ash" of the fusion reaction will accumulate in the core, and fusion in the core will stop. What happens to the core at that point?

the core shrinks and heats up until the ash is finally able to fuse

All protons and neutrons in the universe are baryons and made of exactly 3 quarks bound together. What flavors of quarks are used to make protons and neutrons?

up quarks and down quarks


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