Chapter 1: Major Themes of Anatomy and Physiology

Which of the following is most likely to cause disease? A. Positive feedback B. Negative feedback C. Homeostasis D. Equilibrium E. Irritability

A. Positive feedback

Hypercalcemia means _________. A. elevated calcium levels in blood B. lowered calcium levels in bone C. elevated sodium levels in blood D. elevated calcium levels in bone E. lowered calcium levels in the blood

A. elevated calcium levels in blood

We live in an ever-changing environment outside of our body, yet our internal conditions remain relatively stable. This is called __________. A. homeostasis B. metastasis C. responsiveness D. adaptation E. evolution

A. homeostasis

Negative feedback loops are __________. A. homeostatic mechanisms B. not homeostatic mechanisms C. associated with "vicious circles" D. self-amplifying cycles E. usually harmful

A. homeostatic mechanisms

Blood glucose concentration rises after a meal and stimulates the pancreas to release the hormone insulin. Insulin travels in the blood and stimulates the uptake of glucose by body cells from the bloodstream, thus reducing blood glucose concentration. This is an example of _________. A. negative feedback B. positive feedback C. dynamic equilibrium D. integration control E. set point adjustment

A. negative feedback

During exercise, one generates excess heat and the body temperature rises. As a response, blood vessels dilate in the skin, warm blood flows closer to the body surface, and heat is lost. This is an example of __________. A. negative feedback B. positive feedback C. dynamic equilibrium D. integration control E. set point adjustment

A. negative feedback

Which of the following lists examples of body structures from the simplest to the most complex? A. Mitochondrion, connective tissue, protein, stomach, adipocyte (fat cell) B. Protein, mitochondrion, adipocyte (fat cell), connective tissue, stomach C. Mitochondrion, connective tissue, stomach, protein, adipocyte (fat cell) D. Protein, adipocyte (fat cell), stomach, connective tissue, mitochondrion E. Protein, stomach, connective tissue, adipocyte (fat cell), mitochondrion

B. Protein, mitochondrion, adipocyte (fat cell), connective tissue, stomach

Which of the following is not an example of a physiological gradient? A. Electrical B. Tissue C. Pressure D. Thermal E. Concentration

B. Tissue

A physiological __________ is a difference in chemical concentration, electrical charge, physical pressure, temperature, or other variables between one point and another. A. membrane B. gradient C. imbalance D. feedback loop E. barrier

B. gradient

When a woman is giving birth, the head of the baby pushes against her cervix and stimulates the release of the hormone oxytocin. Oxytocin travels in the blood and stimulates the uterus to contract. Labor contractions become more and more intense until the baby is expelled. This is an example of __________. A. negative feedback B. positive feedback C. dynamic equilibrium D. integration control E. set point adjustment

B. positive feedback

The study of normal body structures is called __________. A. biology B. pathology C. anatomy D. microscopy E. physiology

C. anatomy

The study of how hormones function is called __________. A. neuroanatomy B. neurophysiology C. endocrinology D. histology E. pathophysiology

C. endocrinology

The change in size of the bone marrow (where blood cells are produced) as an infant matures is an example of __________, whereas the transformation of blood stem cells into white blood cells is an example of __________. A. development; differentiation B. growth; development C. growth; differentiation D. differentiation; growth E. differentiation; development

C. growth; differentiation

The study of mechanism of disease is called __________. A. histology B. neuroanatomy C. pathophysiology D. endocrinology E. neurophysiology

C. pathophysiology

The study of how the body functions is called __________. A. anatomy B. chemistry C. physiology D. neuroanatomy E. histology

C. physiology

Three common components of a feedback loop are _________, __________, and __________. A. stimulus; integrating (control) center; organ system B. stimulus; receptor; integrating (control) center C. receptor; integrating (control) center; effector D. receptor; organ; organ system E. receptor; integrating (control) center; organ system

C. receptor; integrating (control) center; effector

Which of the following lists levels of human structure from the most complex to the simplest? A. Organelle, cell, tissue, organ, organ system B. Organ system, organ, cell, tissue, organelle C. Organ system, organelle, tissue, cell, organ D. Organ system, organ, tissue, cell, organelle E. Organ, organ system, tissue, cell, organelle

D. Organ system, organ, tissue, cell, organelle

Feeling structures with your fingertips is called _________, whereas tapping on the body and listening for sounds of abnormalities is called ____________. A. palpation; auscultation B. auscultation; percussion C. percussion; auscultation D. palpation; percussion E. percussion; palpation

D. palpation; percussion

Which of the following is not an aspect that could result in physiological variation? A. Age B. Gender C. Environment D. Physical activity Which of the following is not an aspect that could result in physiological variation? A. Age B. Gender C. Environment D. Physical activity E. These are all aspects that can cause physiological variation.

E. These are all aspects that can cause physiological variation.

We can see through bones with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

TRUE

Feeling for swollen lymph nodes is an example of auscultation.

false

Histology is the study of structures that can be observed without a magnifying lens.

false

Sometimes anatomical terms come from origins that do not lend any insight into their meaning.

true