Chapter 1: Major Themes of Anatomy and Physiology
Which of the following is most likely to cause disease? A. Positive feedback B. Negative feedback C. Homeostasis D. Equilibrium E. Irritability
A. Positive feedback
Hypercalcemia means _________. A. elevated calcium levels in blood B. lowered calcium levels in bone C. elevated sodium levels in blood D. elevated calcium levels in bone E. lowered calcium levels in the blood
A. elevated calcium levels in blood
We live in an ever-changing environment outside of our body, yet our internal conditions remain relatively stable. This is called __________. A. homeostasis B. metastasis C. responsiveness D. adaptation E. evolution
A. homeostasis
Negative feedback loops are __________. A. homeostatic mechanisms B. not homeostatic mechanisms C. associated with "vicious circles" D. self-amplifying cycles E. usually harmful
A. homeostatic mechanisms
Blood glucose concentration rises after a meal and stimulates the pancreas to release the hormone insulin. Insulin travels in the blood and stimulates the uptake of glucose by body cells from the bloodstream, thus reducing blood glucose concentration. This is an example of _________. A. negative feedback B. positive feedback C. dynamic equilibrium D. integration control E. set point adjustment
A. negative feedback
During exercise, one generates excess heat and the body temperature rises. As a response, blood vessels dilate in the skin, warm blood flows closer to the body surface, and heat is lost. This is an example of __________. A. negative feedback B. positive feedback C. dynamic equilibrium D. integration control E. set point adjustment
A. negative feedback
Which of the following lists examples of body structures from the simplest to the most complex? A. Mitochondrion, connective tissue, protein, stomach, adipocyte (fat cell) B. Protein, mitochondrion, adipocyte (fat cell), connective tissue, stomach C. Mitochondrion, connective tissue, stomach, protein, adipocyte (fat cell) D. Protein, adipocyte (fat cell), stomach, connective tissue, mitochondrion E. Protein, stomach, connective tissue, adipocyte (fat cell), mitochondrion
B. Protein, mitochondrion, adipocyte (fat cell), connective tissue, stomach
Which of the following is not an example of a physiological gradient? A. Electrical B. Tissue C. Pressure D. Thermal E. Concentration
B. Tissue
A physiological __________ is a difference in chemical concentration, electrical charge, physical pressure, temperature, or other variables between one point and another. A. membrane B. gradient C. imbalance D. feedback loop E. barrier
B. gradient
When a woman is giving birth, the head of the baby pushes against her cervix and stimulates the release of the hormone oxytocin. Oxytocin travels in the blood and stimulates the uterus to contract. Labor contractions become more and more intense until the baby is expelled. This is an example of __________. A. negative feedback B. positive feedback C. dynamic equilibrium D. integration control E. set point adjustment
B. positive feedback
The study of normal body structures is called __________. A. biology B. pathology C. anatomy D. microscopy E. physiology
C. anatomy
The study of how hormones function is called __________. A. neuroanatomy B. neurophysiology C. endocrinology D. histology E. pathophysiology
C. endocrinology
The change in size of the bone marrow (where blood cells are produced) as an infant matures is an example of __________, whereas the transformation of blood stem cells into white blood cells is an example of __________. A. development; differentiation B. growth; development C. growth; differentiation D. differentiation; growth E. differentiation; development
C. growth; differentiation
The study of mechanism of disease is called __________. A. histology B. neuroanatomy C. pathophysiology D. endocrinology E. neurophysiology
C. pathophysiology
The study of how the body functions is called __________. A. anatomy B. chemistry C. physiology D. neuroanatomy E. histology
C. physiology
Three common components of a feedback loop are _________, __________, and __________. A. stimulus; integrating (control) center; organ system B. stimulus; receptor; integrating (control) center C. receptor; integrating (control) center; effector D. receptor; organ; organ system E. receptor; integrating (control) center; organ system
C. receptor; integrating (control) center; effector
Which of the following lists levels of human structure from the most complex to the simplest? A. Organelle, cell, tissue, organ, organ system B. Organ system, organ, cell, tissue, organelle C. Organ system, organelle, tissue, cell, organ D. Organ system, organ, tissue, cell, organelle E. Organ, organ system, tissue, cell, organelle
D. Organ system, organ, tissue, cell, organelle
Feeling structures with your fingertips is called _________, whereas tapping on the body and listening for sounds of abnormalities is called ____________. A. palpation; auscultation B. auscultation; percussion C. percussion; auscultation D. palpation; percussion E. percussion; palpation
D. palpation; percussion
Which of the following is not an aspect that could result in physiological variation? A. Age B. Gender C. Environment D. Physical activity Which of the following is not an aspect that could result in physiological variation? A. Age B. Gender C. Environment D. Physical activity E. These are all aspects that can cause physiological variation.
E. These are all aspects that can cause physiological variation.
We can see through bones with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).
TRUE
Feeling for swollen lymph nodes is an example of auscultation.
false
Histology is the study of structures that can be observed without a magnifying lens.
false
Sometimes anatomical terms come from origins that do not lend any insight into their meaning.
true