Chapter 1

Agile Software Development

A approach to database and software development that emphasizes "individuals and interactions over processes and tools, working software over comprehensive documentation, customer collaboration over contract negotiation, and response to change over following a plan

Enterprise Resource Planning

A business management sytem that integrates all functions of the enterprise, such as manufacturing, sales, finance, marketing, inventory, accounting, and humna resources. ERP system are software applications that provide the data necessary for the neterprise to examine and manage its activitites

Repository

A centralized knowledge base for all data definitions, data relationships, screen and report formats, and other system components

Relational Database

A database that represents data as a collection of tables in which all data relationships are presented by common value in related tables

Conceptual Schema

A detailed, technology-independent specification of the overall structure of organizational data

Data Administration

A high-level function that is responsibel for the overall management of data resources in an organization, including maintaining corporate-wide definitions and standards

User View

A logical Description of some portion of the database that is required by a user to perform some task

Entity

A person, a palce, an object, an event, or a concept in the user environment about which the organization wishes to maintain data

Constraint

A rule that cannot be violated by databse users

Database Management System

A software system that is used to create, maintain, and provide controlled access to user databases

Database Administration

A technical function that is responsible for physical database design and for dealing with technical issues, such as security enforcement, database performance, and backup recovery

Database Application

An application program for set of related programthat is used to perform a series of database activities (create, read, update, and delete) on behalf of database users

Data Warehouse

An integrated decision support database whose content is derived from the various operational databases

Prototyping

An iterative process of systems development in which requirements are converted to a working system that is continually revised through close work between analysts and users

Database

An organized collection of logically related data

Information

Data that has been processed in such a way as to increase the knowledge of the person who uses the data

Metadata

Datat that describes the properties or characteristics of end-user data and the context of those data

In 1998, ANSI/SPARC published an important document describing the three-Schema achitecture

False

T/F A constraint is a rule in a database system that can be violated by users

False

T/F A well-structured database establishes the entities between relationships in order to derive the desired information

False

T/F An enterprise data model describes the scope of data for only one information system

False

T/F Data redundancy is used to establish relationships between data but is never used to improve database performance

False

T/F Database processing programs are coded and tested during the design stage of the systems development life cycle.

False

T/F Databases were developed as the first application of computers to data processing

False

T/F Personal databases are designed to support a small group of individuals working together on a project

False

T/F Reduced program maintenance is an advantage of file processing systems.

False

T/F The physical structure and storage organization of the database are decided upon during the implementation phase of the systems development life cycle.

False

T/F The steps of the systems development life cycle can only be viewed as a linear process

False

T/F The term legacy system refers to a newly installed system

False

T/F With the traditional file processing approach, each application shares data files, thus enabling much data sharing

False

T/F A user view is how the user sees the data when it is produced

Flase

Data Model

Graphical systems used to capture the nature and relationships among data.

Computer-aided Software Engineering Tool

Software tools that provide automated support for some portion of the systems development process

Physical Schema

Specifications for how data from a logical schema are stored in a computer's secondary memory by a database management system

Data

Stored reperesentations of object and events that ahve meaning and importance in the user's environment

Logical Schema

The representation of a database for a particular data management technology.

Data Independence

The separation of data descriptions from the application programs that use the data

Systems Development Life Cycle

The traditional methodology used to develop, maintain, and replace information systems

T/F A physical Schema contains the specifications for how data from a conceptual Schema are stored in a computer's secondary memory

True

T/F A relational database establishes the relationships between entities by means of a common field

True

T/F An extranet uses internet protocols to establish limited access to company data by the company's customers and suppliers.

True

T/F Applications built with a multi tier architecture are meant to support departments

True

T/F Cost and complexity are just two of the disadvantages of database processing

True

T/F Data from prior systems is converted to the new system during the implementation phase of the systems development life cycle

True

T/F Database maintenance is typically the longest step of the database development process

True

T/F Enterprise modeling set the range and general contents of organizational databases

True

T/F File processing systems have been replaced by database systems in most critical business applications today

True

T/F In practice, database today may contain either data or information

True

T/F In prototyping, implementation and maintenance activities are repeated as necessary until the product is corrent

True

T/F Information is processed data

True

T/F Metatdata are data that describe the properties of other data

True

T/F Prototyping is a type of rapid application development

True

T/F Redundancy increases the risk of inconsistent data

True

T/F The most common way to support a group of individuals who work together on a project or group of similar projects is with a two-tier client/server datababe

True

T/F The repository is populated during the analysis phase of the systems development life cycle.

True

T/F The system development life cycle is the traditional methodology used to develop, maintain, and replace information system.

True

T/F Unplanned duplicate data files are the rule rather than the exception in file processing systems.

True