chapter 1 personal health

asian americans

Far East, southeast asia, or the indian subcontinent, including japan, china, vietnam, laos, cambodia, korea, and the Phillipines, india, pakistan. have lower rates of coronary heart disease and obesity. Southeast asian american men have higher rates of smoking and lung cancer, and vietnamese american women have higher rates of cervical cancer.

devise a plan of action

Get what you need Modify your environment Control related habits Reward yourself Involve people around you Plan for challenges

infectious disease

a disease that can spread from person to person caused by microorganisms such as bacteria and viruses (pneumonia, tuberculosis, diarrhea)

chronic disease

a disease that develops and continues over a long period such as heart disease cancer or diabetes

behavior change

a lifestyle management process that involves cultivating healthy behaviors and working to overcome unhealthy ones

target behavior

an isolated behavior selected as the object of a behavior change program your chances of success will be greater if your first goal is simple, such as resisting the urge to snack between classes.

precontemplation

at this stage, you think you have no problem and dont intent to change your behavior. you believe that there are more important reasons not to change than there are reasons to change. to move forward in this stage, try raising your awareness. research. look also at the mechanisms you use to resist change. seek social support.

self efficacy

belief in your ability to successfully take action and perform a specific task strategies for boosting self efficacy include developing an internal locus of control, using visualization and self talk, and getting encouragement from supportive people

sex

biological and physiological characteristics that define men, women and intersex people

self confidence

can be both part of acceptance and esteem

genome

complete set of genetic material in your cells, 25,00 genes, half from each of your parents

risk factors

condition that increases your chances of disease or injury

intellectual wellness

continually challenge their minds. active mind is essential to wellness because it detects problems, finds solutions, and directs behavior. never stop learning. discover new things about themselves.

genes

control the production of proteins that serve both as the structural material for your body and as the regulators of all your body's chemical reactions and metabolic processes.

Latinos

deep roots in Mexico, Puerto Rico, Cuba, and south and central america. mixed spanish and american indian descent or of mixed spanish, indian, and african american descent. lower rates of heart disease, cancer, and suicide than the general population, areas of concern include gallbladder disease, obesity, diabetes, and lack of health insurance.

environmental wellness

defined by the livability of your surroundings. personal health depends on the health of the planet- from the safety of the food supply to the degree of violence in society. your physical environment can support your wellness or diminish it. to improve, you can learn about and protect yourself against hazards in your surroundings and work to make your world a cleaner and safer place

external locus of control

factors beyond their control determine the course of their lives

reasons that a persons health history is relevant to that persons health

genes help regulate the body's chemical reactions some health problems run in families genes help regulate the body's metabolic processes

african americans

have same leading causes of death as the general population, but have higher infant mortality rate and lower rates of suicide and osteoporosis. high blood pressure, stroke, diabetes, asthma, and obesity. african american men are at significantly higher risk of prostate cancer than men in other groups

locus of control

having an internal locus of control reinforces motivation

health disparities

health difference linked to social economic, or environmental disadvantage that adversely affects a group of people

gender

how people identify themselves and also the roles, behaviors, activities, and attributes that a given society considers appropriate for them

self talk

internal dialogue you carry on with yourself, to increase your confidence in your ability to change.

maintenance

keep going. be prepared for lapses. be a role model.

wellness

living a rich, meaningful, and energetic life optimum health and vitality- living life to its fullest conscious decisions we make about how we live these decisions are the risk factors that contribute to disease or injury

action

monitor your progress. make changes that will discourage the unwanted behavaior. find alternatives for your old behaviors. reward yourself. praise yourself. involve your friends.

physical wellness

not just your body's overall condition and absence of disease but also fitness level and ability to take care of yourself.

health

overall condition of a persons body or mind and to the presence or absence of illness or injury can be determined or influenced by factors beyond our control (genes, age,, family history)

lifestyle choices

people have some control over whether they develop chronic diseases.

internal locus of control

people who believe they control the events and consequences that affect their lives

native american and pacific islanders

peoples of Hawaii, Guam, Samoa, and other Pacific Islands. Pacific Islander Americans have a higher overall death rate than the general population and higher rates of diabetes and asthma. smoking and obesity are special concerns for this group

impaired life

period of a persons life when he or she may not be able to function fully due to disease or disability

life expectancy

period of time a member of a given population is expected to live

preparation

plan to take action within a month or you may have already begun to make small changes in your behavior. work on creating a plan, make change a priority, practice visualization and self talk. take small steps.

spiritual wellness

possess a set of guiding beliefs, principles, or values that give meaning and purpose to your life especially in difficult times. focuses on positive aspects of life and finds spirituality to be an antidote for negative feelings such as cynicism, anger, and pessimism. religion isn't only the only form of spiritual wellness, many find it through loved ones or on their own, through nature, art, meditation, or good works.

why do disparities exist?

poverty and low educational attainment are key factors are underlying ethnic health disparities. access to appropriate health care. living in areas that are medically undeserved, with fewer sources of high quality or specialist care. language and cultural barriers, along with racism and discrimination

occupational wellness

refers to the level of happiness and fulfillment you gain through your work. enjoys his or her work, feels a connection with others in the workplace, and takes advantage of the opportunities to learn and be challenged. recognition from managers and colleagues. ideal job draws on your interests and passions, as well as vocational skills. and allows you to feel that you are making a contribution in your everyday work.

financial wellness

refers to your ability to live within your means and manage your money in a way that gives you peace of mind. includes balancing your income and expenses, staying out of debt, saving for the future, and understanding your emotions about money.

morbidity and mortality rates

relative incidence of disease amongst a population

interpersonal wellness

satisfying and supportive relationships are important to physical and emotional wellness. good communication skills, developing the capacity for intimacy, and cultivating a supportive network are all important to interpersonal (social) wellness. participating in and contributing to your community and society

termination

sixth and final stage. exited the cycle of change and are no longer tempted to lapse back into your old behavior. you have a new self image and total control with regard to your target behavior.

SMART

specific, measurable,attainable, realistic, time frame specific

contract

the date you will start, the steps you will take to measure your progress, strategies you plan to use to promote change, date you expect to reach your final goal

locus of control

the extent to which a person believes he or she has control over the events in his or her life.

health promotion

the process of enabling people to increase control over, and to improve, their health

cultural wellness

the way you interact with others who are different from you in terms of ethnicity, religion, gender, sexual orientation, age and customs. accepting, valuing, and even celebrating different cultural ways people interact in the world.

self esteem

the way you think others perceive you

emotional wellness

trust, self confidence, optimism, satisfying relationships. self esteem are some qualities of emotional wellness. dynamic and involves ups and downs of living. exploring thoughts and feelings.

american indians and alaskan natives

typically embrace a tribal identity, such as Sioux, Navaho, or Hopi. have lower death rates from heart disease, stroke, and cancer than the general population, but have higher rates of early death from causes linked to smoking and alcohol use, including injuries and cirrhosis.

contemplation

you know you have a problem. you acknowledge the benefits but are also aware that the barriers to change may be difficult to overcome. you consider possible courses of action but dont know how to proceed. keeping a journal. do a cost benefit analysis. identify barriers to change. engage your emotions. creating a new self image. what what you will be like after. learn why you engage in unhealthy behavior.

Transtheoretical Model

you move through distinct stages of action as you achieve your target behavior. first determine what stage you are in now so that you can choose appropriate strategies to progress through the cycle of change.

self acceptance

your personal satisfaction with yourself