Chapter 1 practice Questions

Cognitive psychology focuses on studying ________. A. thoughts and their relationship to our experiences and our actions B. sensation and the effect of culture on perception C. the effect of gender, race, and class on behavior D. genetics and the effect of genetics on behavior

A

In Maslow's hierarchy of needs, the ________ include food, water, and shelter. A. basic survival needs B. higher-level needs C. wants D. comfort objects

A

In developmental psychology, there is an increasing interest in researching cognitive changes that occur later in life. Why? A. Populations of developed nations are living longer. B. The elderly are contracting more cognitive diseases. C. People in developed nations revere the elderly. D. Populations of developing nations are dying sooner.

A

According to Sigmund Freud, all of the following represent ways to access the unconscious mind except through ________. A. dream analysis B. seemingly innocent slips of the tongue C. examination of the first words that come to someone's mind D. the use of reinforcement and punishment

D

Who was the first person referred to as a psychologist? A. Sigmund Freud B. William James C. Wolfgang K�hler D. Wilhelm Wundt

D

Why is psychology considered a social science? A. Behavior is unpredictable, so scientists study it. B. Because psychology is not considered a hard science. C. Because psychologists study groups and how groups interact. D. Behavior is biological, and our behavior is influenced by our interactions with others.

D

Psychology is a social science discipline. Psychologists scientifically study ________. A. only behavior B. only the mind C. the soul, the mind, and behavior D. the mind and behavior

D.

Guillermo spends some time each day applying the principles of structuralism to examine his own conscious experience as carefully as possible. Guillermo is engaged in ________. A. introspection B. client-centered therapy C. psychoanalysis D. behaviorism

a

A series of dots arranged in the shape of a face will be perceived as a face, not a series of dots. A psychologist studying this phenomenon is applying the principals of ________. A. Gestalt psychology B. psychoanalytic theory C. structuralism D. humanism

A

Lucy wants to study changes in cognitive skills, moral reasoning, and social behavior across the lifespan. Lucy should specialize in ________ psychology. A. developmental B. cognitive C. social D. personality

A

Select the correctly ordered list of psychological perspectives, with the earliest perspective listed first. A. structuralism, functionalism, behaviorism, humanism B. structuralism, functionalism, humanism, behaviorism C. humanism, behaviorism, structuralism, functionalism D. humanism, structuralism, functionalism, behaviorism

A

What was the primary conclusion of Stanley Milgram's obedience research? A. Average people will harm others if told to do so by an authority figure. B. Everyday behavior can be explained by instincts developed in our ancestral population. C. What we sense and what we perceive vary according to culture, race, and gender. D. Our mothers have an enormous impact on our personality.

A

Which of the following is an example of research someone might conduct in the area of health psychology? A. whether people working at a desk are more likely to be obese B. whether culture influences perception C. what personality traits are present more often in men compared to women D. how the age of a leader affects the productivity of the group

A

What do industrial and organizational psychology, health psychology, sport and exercise psychology, forensic psychology, and clinical psychology all have in common? A. They are all examples of applied psychology. B. They are all areas of psychology that developed in the 19th century. C. They all focus on groups instead of individuals. D. Job growth is greatest in these fields.

A.

Which of the following defines hypothesis? A. tentative explanation B. idea that proves a theory C. way of looking at the world D. means of explaining social phenomena

A.

Ashya wants to focus on the diagnosis and treatment of psychological disorders and other problematic patterns of behavior. What area of psychology should she work in? A. social psychology B. clinical psychology C. organizational psychology D. cognitive psychology

B

If you show an adult a toy, and then hide it behind a curtain, the adult knows that the toy still exists. However, infants act as if a hidden object no longer exists. What does this exemplify? A. article blindness B. object permanence C. developmental theory D. perpetuation

B

In the study of personality, the ________ model includes dimensions of conscientiousness, agreeableness, neuroticism, openness, and extroversion. A. Either-Or B. Five Factor C. H.O.P.E.S. D. Fifth Dimension

B

Select the correctly ordered list of psychological theorists, with the earliest theorist listed first. A. Noam Chomsky, Wilhelm Wundt, Sigmund Freud B. Wilhelm Wundt, Sigmund Freud, Noam Chomsky C. Sigmund Freud, Noam Chomsky, Wilhelm Wundt D. Noam Chomsky, Sigmund Freud, Wilhelm Wundt

B

What should be changed to make the following sentence more correct? Sigmund Freud believed that understanding the unconscious mind was critical to understand subconscious behavior. A. The name 'Sigmund Freud' should be changed to 'Wilhelm Wundt.' B. The word 'subconscious' should be changed to the word 'conscious.' C. The word 'unconscious' to the word 'conscious.' D. The word 'understand' should be changed to the word 'believing.'

B

When was psychology accepted as an academic discipline? A. 1700s B. 1800s C. 1900s D. 1600s

B

Which of the following is a criticism of structuralism? A. Structuralism was parsimonious. B. The process was highly subjective. C. Wilhelm Wundt falsified his results. D. Scientific instruments were not sensitive enough to measure precise reaction times.

B

Which of the following is not involved in critical thinking? A. recognizing internal biases B. knowing your opinion is correct C. maintaining an attitude of skepticism D. making use of logical thinking

B

Which theorist had the most influence in shaping how clinicians interact with people seeking psychotherapy? A. Abraham Maslow B. Carl Rogers C. Wilhelm Wundt D. William James

B

Behaviorism focuses on making psychology an objective science by ________. A. studying how emotional responses influence behavior while deemphasizing the importance of the subconscious B. studying the genetic basis for behavior and theorizing how instincts influence behavior C. studying overt behavior and deemphasizing the importance of unobservable mental processes D. studying implicit motivations for behavior through the use of implicit association tests

C

In a study of mate preference differences between men and women that spanned 37 cultures, Buss (1989) found that men value youthful appearance more than women. Why? A. Men need to display their mates as a trophy. B. Men are more sexually responsive with younger women. C. Youthful looks provide fertility clues. D. Women are not as superficial as men.

C

Peter is interested in pursuing a ________ training program with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention after he receives his PhD, which will allow him to further develop his research on adolescent suicide and broaden his research skills under the supervision of CDC researchers. A. medical B. industrial C. postdoctoral D. predoctoral

C

The empirical method of study is based on ________. A. practice B. guesswork C. observation D. statistics

C

Which kind of psychologist would be consulted in jury selection and witness preparation? A. cognitive B. counseling C. forensic D. legal

C

Why do scientists refer to Charles Darwin's ideas about evolution as the theory of evolution? A. After numerous hypotheses were developed by Charles Darwin, they were collected together into a theory. B. Evolution only works theoretically. C. It is the best scientific understanding that we have of that part of the natural world. D. Contemporary scientists do not accept it as a viable way of looking at the world.

C

For a scientific explanation to be testable, it must also be ________. A. experimental and provable B. hypothesized and theoretical C. conscious and unconscious D. perceivable and measurable

D

Which of the following is a feminist criticism of the science of psychology? A. Male psychologists do not pay enough attention to relationships. B. Male psychologists emphasize objective data over subjective data. C. Male psychologists assume that their results do not apply to women. D. Male bias exists in science.

D

Which of the following is a reason that Gestalt psychology did not become more popular in the United States? A. The proponents were Nazis. B. European psychology is not as rigorous as American psychology. C. The theories were not based on measurable data. D. The rise of behaviorism overshadowed Gestalt psychology.

D

Which of the following is a criticism of evolutionary psychology? A. It ignores non-genetic factors in determining human behavior. B. It is easy to disprove theories developed by evolutionary psychologists. C. There are no female evolutionary psychologists. D. It places too much emphasis on genetic factors in determining human behavior.

NOT D (dont know the answer)