Chapter 1 quiz

Which of the following is true of behaviorism?

Behaviorists define psychology as the scientific study of behavior, not of behavior and mental processes.

Which of the following is true of the humanistic-existential perspective?

It views people as free to choose and as being responsible for choosing their own behavior.

Which of the following is a defining feature of psychoanalysis?

The emphasis on unconscious ideas and impulses

Which of the following is true of biologically oriented psychologists?

They study the role of the nervous system in behavior and mental processes such as psychological disorders, criminal behavior, and thinking.

Which of the following is a goal of psychology?

To explain behavior and mental processes

Psychologists with a/an _____ perspective study mental processes such as memory, language, thought, and problem solving..​

cognitive

_________ is defined as a way of evaluating the claims and comments of other people that involves skepticism and examination of evidence.​

critical thinking

Ralph conducted a study to determine the effects of certain visual stimuli on individuals. For his study, he used two groups of students. The first group watched a violent war film, while the other group did not. Later, both groups were asked to write an essay on war. He found that the essays written by the first group were more strongly opinionated against war. In this scenario, the first group would be considered a/an _____.​

experimental group

_________ psychologists may treat psychologically ill offenders, consult with attorneys on matters such as picking a jury, and analyze offenders' behavior and mental processes.​

forensic

When following the scientific method, psychologists usually begin a study by:

formulating a research question.

Which of the following is an important factor emphasized by the sociocultural perspective in understanding behavior and mental processes?

gender

Erica is part of a research group that is studying a group of software executives. She is trying to determine the relationship between work stress and cancer. As part of the same study, she also advises her participants on ways to counter work stress. Erica's job is that of a _________ psychologist.​

health

A _________ is a statement about behavior or mental processes that is testable through research.​

hypothesis

A/an _____ psychologist focuses on the relationship between people and their work.​

industrial

Sujay is conducting a research on a group of factory machinists as part of a study on work stress and heart disease. Before conducting his study, he explains the objective of the study to the subjects and tells them what they would need to do. He gives them the opportunity to choose if they want to participate or not. In other words, Sujay is seeking _________.​

informed consent

With _________, psychologists and other scientists can observe behavior where it happens, or "in the field."​

naturalistic observation

_________ is the scientific study of behavior and mental processes.​

psychology

Which of the following terms was proposed by B. F. Skinner?

reinforcement

Carl is conducting a study to determine the effects of new technology-assisted learning methods among students. As part of this study, he has selected a group of university students, male and female, in the age group of 18 to 24 years. These students have been using the new methods of learning. In terms of research methodology, this group best describes a _____.​

sample

One of the advantages of _________ is that by distributing questionnaires and analyzing answers with a computer, psychologists can study many thousands of people at a time.​

surveys