Chapter 1: SB questions

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What is a helminth?

A parasitic worm

Describe microbes in a biofilm

Adhering to one another by sugars and attached to a surface

What is classification?

Arranging organisms into a hierarchy

Which microbe would NOT have a true nucleus

Bacteria

Which types of microorganisms have cells that do NOT contain organelles ?

Bacteria and archae

Organisms are assigned and identifies by a two-word name representing the genus and species name

Binomial system

Designing organisms in the industrial setting that can provide human products through genetic engineering or cleanup of environmental waste through bioremediation is part of the sub-discipline of microbiology referred to as ________

Biotechnology

Common biofilm infections

Chronic ear infections

Francesco Reid experiment

Covered meat with gauze to prevent flies from landing on it

Lous Pasteurs experiment

Cultured microbes in swan-necked flash's

The breakdown of dead matter and wastes into simple compounds that can be directed back into the natural cycle of living things

Decomposition

Microbes have been recently associated with what diseases that were once considered non infectious?

Diabetes, gastric ulcers, cancer, multiple sclerosis s

An _________ infectious disease, such as SARS or viral encephalitis, is a newly identified infectious disease that is become int more prominent

Emerging

Diseases that are newly identified and becoming more prominent

Emerging

Genetic _________, or recombinant DNA technology, is a method of deliberately modifying the genetic structure of an organism to create novel products

Engineering

For the organism Escherichia Coli, what is the genus name?

Escherichia

The three domains of Woese-Fox system of classification

Eukarya, Archaea and Bacteria

T or F: Viruses are considered living organisms and are classified under the binomial name system as members of the domain Archaea

False, viruses are nonliving agents as they require a host cell to complete their life cycle; thus they cannot be classified under any classification system

Organisms that harbor and nourish parasites are referred to as:

Hosts

The process of discovering general principles by examining specific cases through experimentation and data analysis is termed __________

Inductive reasoning

The sum total of all the microbes in a certain environment is its

Microbiome

A ______ derived benefits from its host and harms its host in the process

Parasite

Schultz and Schwann

Passed air through chemicals or glass tubes before treating infusions

In general, disease causing organisms are referred to as

Pathogens

Small pieces of ______ are known to be responsible for precise regulation of cells, and these may be a target for future antimicrobial therapy

RNA

TB is an older disease but its prevalence has been increasing in recent years; therefore, this disease is sometimes referred to as an

Re-emerging disease

Main contribution of Dr. Oliver Holmes and Dr. Ignaz Semmelveis

Recognition that humans could transfer infections to each other

The deliberate manipulation of organisms by transferring genetic material from one organism to another is known as

Recombinant DNA technology

The discovery of "molecular scissors" called ______________ _______________ has led to great advances in the field of genetic engineering by allowing microbiologists to isolate specific pieces of DNA for transfer into other cells

Restriction enzymes

Which scientist established a connection between infections int the maternity ward and physicians with unwashed hands coming directly from autopsies?

Semmelveis

For the organism Staphylococcus aureus, aureus represents the ________ level of classification which is the most specific grouping of organisms

Species

an environment or material that is completely fee of all life forms, including spores and virus particles is referred to as

Sterile

T or F: All bacteria are microorganisms, but not all eukaryotes are.

TRUE

T or F: Lister first promoted the use of disinfecting agents prior to surgery

TRUE

T or F: when writing a binomial name, the initial letter of the genus is capitalized and the species is in lower case

TRUE

What is biotechnology?

The use of microbes or their products for commercial or industrial purposes

What does it mean when microorganisms are describes as "ubiquitous "

They are everywhere

When not present in a host, an individual virus is referred to as _________, or virus particle.

Virion

The structures seen in this figure are representative of different types of

Viruses

Six major groups of microorganisms

Viruses, algae, Protozoa, helminths, fungi and bacteria


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