Chapter 1: SB questions
What is a helminth?
A parasitic worm
Describe microbes in a biofilm
Adhering to one another by sugars and attached to a surface
What is classification?
Arranging organisms into a hierarchy
Which microbe would NOT have a true nucleus
Bacteria
Which types of microorganisms have cells that do NOT contain organelles ?
Bacteria and archae
Organisms are assigned and identifies by a two-word name representing the genus and species name
Binomial system
Designing organisms in the industrial setting that can provide human products through genetic engineering or cleanup of environmental waste through bioremediation is part of the sub-discipline of microbiology referred to as ________
Biotechnology
Common biofilm infections
Chronic ear infections
Francesco Reid experiment
Covered meat with gauze to prevent flies from landing on it
Lous Pasteurs experiment
Cultured microbes in swan-necked flash's
The breakdown of dead matter and wastes into simple compounds that can be directed back into the natural cycle of living things
Decomposition
Microbes have been recently associated with what diseases that were once considered non infectious?
Diabetes, gastric ulcers, cancer, multiple sclerosis s
An _________ infectious disease, such as SARS or viral encephalitis, is a newly identified infectious disease that is become int more prominent
Emerging
Diseases that are newly identified and becoming more prominent
Emerging
Genetic _________, or recombinant DNA technology, is a method of deliberately modifying the genetic structure of an organism to create novel products
Engineering
For the organism Escherichia Coli, what is the genus name?
Escherichia
The three domains of Woese-Fox system of classification
Eukarya, Archaea and Bacteria
T or F: Viruses are considered living organisms and are classified under the binomial name system as members of the domain Archaea
False, viruses are nonliving agents as they require a host cell to complete their life cycle; thus they cannot be classified under any classification system
Organisms that harbor and nourish parasites are referred to as:
Hosts
The process of discovering general principles by examining specific cases through experimentation and data analysis is termed __________
Inductive reasoning
The sum total of all the microbes in a certain environment is its
Microbiome
A ______ derived benefits from its host and harms its host in the process
Parasite
Schultz and Schwann
Passed air through chemicals or glass tubes before treating infusions
In general, disease causing organisms are referred to as
Pathogens
Small pieces of ______ are known to be responsible for precise regulation of cells, and these may be a target for future antimicrobial therapy
RNA
TB is an older disease but its prevalence has been increasing in recent years; therefore, this disease is sometimes referred to as an
Re-emerging disease
Main contribution of Dr. Oliver Holmes and Dr. Ignaz Semmelveis
Recognition that humans could transfer infections to each other
The deliberate manipulation of organisms by transferring genetic material from one organism to another is known as
Recombinant DNA technology
The discovery of "molecular scissors" called ______________ _______________ has led to great advances in the field of genetic engineering by allowing microbiologists to isolate specific pieces of DNA for transfer into other cells
Restriction enzymes
Which scientist established a connection between infections int the maternity ward and physicians with unwashed hands coming directly from autopsies?
Semmelveis
For the organism Staphylococcus aureus, aureus represents the ________ level of classification which is the most specific grouping of organisms
Species
an environment or material that is completely fee of all life forms, including spores and virus particles is referred to as
Sterile
T or F: All bacteria are microorganisms, but not all eukaryotes are.
TRUE
T or F: Lister first promoted the use of disinfecting agents prior to surgery
TRUE
T or F: when writing a binomial name, the initial letter of the genus is capitalized and the species is in lower case
TRUE
What is biotechnology?
The use of microbes or their products for commercial or industrial purposes
What does it mean when microorganisms are describes as "ubiquitous "
They are everywhere
When not present in a host, an individual virus is referred to as _________, or virus particle.
Virion
The structures seen in this figure are representative of different types of
Viruses
Six major groups of microorganisms
Viruses, algae, Protozoa, helminths, fungi and bacteria
