Chapter 1: Sociology in a Changing World
Which of the following statements pertaining to the feminist view is true?
- Feminist theories could be considered in the tradition of symbolic interactionist theories. - Feminist theories could be considered in the tradition of conflict theories.
Which of the following statements about sociology are correct? (Select all that apply.)
- It focuses on describing the relationship between individuals and society - It is a systematic study
Marx identified two social classes: ______ (those who owned the means of production) and ______ (those who worked for a wage).
- capitalists - laborers
Which of the following are significant changes that are affecting U.S. postmodern society?
- globalization of the economy - expansion of the media
We can observe culture operating in
- school dress codes - religious ceremonies - the nightly news - conversations with coworkers
The American and French revolutions resulted in which of the following? (Select all that apply.)
- stimulating interest in achieving a more equal society - raising some of the first topics addressed by early sociologists
Which of the following statements about the Industrial Revolution are correct?
- the Industrial Revolution began in Great Britain - society became less agricultural and more industrial
Since the mid-twentieth century, sociologists tend to examine society by which of the following?
- the functionalist perspective - the conflict perspective - the interactionist perspective
The discipline of sociology developed during a period characterized by which of the following conditions?
- the introduction of new technologies - economic crises - political unrest
Some of the early sociologists suggested that societies progressed or evolved through several stages. Which of the following stages were suggested by Auguste Comte?
- the theological stage - the metaphysical stage - the positivist stage
Which of the following are characteristics of theories?
- they evolve and are sometimes rejected - they often give us a more complete picture than any single one
which of the following would be promoted under Enlightenment thinking?
- tolerance - equality - freedom
Sociologists interested in gaining insights into the world's hierarchy of privilege may focus their research on which of the following areas of inquiry?
-race -social class -gender
Which of the following was required for the social sciences to take root?
-systematic collection of evidence -open & free inquiry
Which of the following are true about Auguste Comte's vision of sociology? (Select all that apply.)
-that sociology would identify the laws that govern human behavior - that sociology would be a science of society modeled on natural sciences
Harriet Martineau contributed to the study of sociology by translating the writings of which early philosopher of sociology?
Auguste Comte
What early social thinker coined the term sociology?
Auguste Comte
Which of the following sociologists is credited for establishing sociology as an academic discipline?
Emile Durkheim
Comparing everyday life to a play, the dramaturgical approach to sociology was made popular by
Erving Goffman
Which of the following social psychologists wrote about how we develop a sense of self through our interaction with others and by self-reflection?
George Herbert Mead
Who is widely considered to be the first female sociologist?
Harriet Martineau
Which of the following is NOT an example of a question that a sociologist would examine in regards to economic power?
How was the media changed family structure?
The major developments that transformed rural agricultural societies into urban industrial societies are referred to as the _______ Revolution.
Industrial
Marx viewed the relationship between factory owners and workers as one in which
capitalists exploited workers
Prior to the Enlightenment (during which scientific thought thrived), who dominated European intellectual life?
clergy
Which of the following types of theories focus on issues of contention, power, and inequality?
conflict
theories highlight the competition for scarce resources.
conflict
A collection of values, beliefs, norms, language, and material objects shared by a people and socially transmitted from generation to generation constitutes
culture
The theory that explains how social life is like a play is called
dramaturgy
A politician accepting a bribe that undermines his or her ability to fairly or effectively govern is an example of social _________
dysfunction
According to Merton, phenomena are sometimes long-standing and permanent, but they could also be
dysfunctions
True or false: Sociology first emerged as a formal discipline in the United States.
false
Which of the following theoretical approaches highlights culture's role in providing society with common values, such as love of family?
functionalist
The three theoretical perspectives most widely used by sociologists are
functionalist, conflict, and interactionist
The feminist perspective in sociology focuses on the study of ______ inequity.
gender
Postmodernity is a historical period associated with
information-based economies
Which of the following is true of common sense?
it can produce an array of contradictory claims
When you employ the sociological imagination, you are recognizing the connection between your own life and
larger social forces
The focus on human society distinguishes social sciences from the _______ sciences, which focus on the physical aspects of nature
natural
Which of the following has NOT been identified as a feature of postmodern society?
political institutions are thriving
is a historical period beginning in the mid-twentieth century characterized by the rise of information-based economies and the fragmentation of political beliefs and ways of knowing.
post modernity
Marx highlighted which of the following core concepts of sociology?
power
People who have more resources have a better chance to achieve their goals, even against resistance. That means that those people have more
power
The ability to bring about an intended outcome, even when opposed by others, is a definition of
power
Common sense may lead us to believe that "life is what you make of it" and that "the apple does not fall far from the tree." These contradictory claims
provide no insight at all
The group of research-based disciplines that gather and evaluate evidence in order to study human society are called
social sciences
Durkheim was interested in the question of
social solidarity
Another term used by sociologists for "sociological perspective" is
sociological imagination
The systematic study of the relationship between individuals and society is referred to as
sociology
Social ________ refers to the recurring patterns of behavior in social life.
structure
people create social ______ to help accomplish goals, which in turn constrain(s) their ______.
structures; behavior
Which of the following theoretical approaches emphasizes the process by which individuals create culture?
symbolic interactionist
Which of the following was the central concern of Durkheim's work in sociology?
the collective bonds that connect individuals
Sociology is fundamentally concerned with understanding
the social world and our place in it
Which of the following tries to explain an observation?
theory
True or false: Durkheim held the first academic position in sociology.
true