Chapter 1: System Analysis and Design

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Moore's Law

# of transistors on an integrated circuit chip would double about every 24 months

systems support and security

IT staff maintains, enhances, and protects system

class

a collection of similar objects

rapid application development

a compressed version of the entire development process

systems request

a formal request to the IT department which describes problems or desired changes in an information system or business process

server farm

a large concentration of servers working together

System

a set of related components that produces specific results

System Analysis and Design

a step-by-step process for developing high quality information systems

critical thinking skills

ability to compare, classify, evaluate, recognize patterns, analyze cause-and-effect, and apply logic

knowledge base

allows users to find information by entering keywords or questions in normal English phrases

business profile

an overview of a company's mission, functions, organization, products, services, customers, suppliers, competitors, constraints, and culture direction, starting point for modeling process

data

basic facts that are the system's raw material

System Analysis phase

build a logical model of new system

scalable design

can expand to meet new business requirements and volumes

properties

characteristics an object possess which is inherited from its class or on its own

Information System

combines technology, people, and data to provide support for business functions, such as order processing, inventory control, human resources, accounting, and many more

management information systems

computer producing valuable information that managers primarily use

hardware

consists of everything in the physical layer of information system

application software

consists of programs that support day-day business functions and provide users with what they need

systems design phase

creates a physical model that will satisfy all documented requirements for the system

information

data that has been transformed into output that is valuable to users

objects

data that is combined with processes that act on the data

business model

describes the information that a system must provide

vertical systems

designed to meet unique requirements of a specific business or industry

prototype

early working version of an information system

groupware

enable users to share data, collaborate on projects, and work in teams

preliminary investigation

evaluate IT-related business opportunity or problem

enterprise applications

examples of company-wide applications

joint application development

focuses on team-based fact finding

empowerment

gives employees more responsibility and accountability

business process model

graphically displays one or more business processes, such as handling airline reservations, filling a product order, or updating a customer account

user productivity systems

include emails, voicemail, fax, video and web conferencing, word processing, automated calender's, database management, etc.

service oriented

includes consultants, vendors, software developers, and service providers

business process modeling notation

includes standard shapes and symbols to represent events, processes, workflows, and more

business rules

input data is transformed into output data

users

inside and outside of a company who interact with system

e-commerce

internet based commerece

inference rules

logical rules that identify data patterns and relationships

strategic plans

long-range plans that define company's overall mission and goals

system software

manages hardware components, which can include a single workstation or a global network with many thousand clients

product oriented

manufactures computers, routers, or microchips

legacy systems

new systems that interface with older systems

Mission-Critical System

one that is vital to a company's operations (ex. order processing system b/c a company can't do without it)

stakeholders

people who have an interest in an information system

system design specification

presented to management and users for review and approval

transaction processing

process data generated by day-to-day business operations

project management

process of planning, scheduling, monitoring, controlling, and reported upon the development of an information system

modeling

produces a graphical representation of a concept or process that system developers can analyze, test, and modify

Software

programs that control hardware and produce desired information or results

enterprise resource planning

provide cost-effective support for users and managers throughout the company

business support

provide job-related information support to users at all levels of a company

supply chain

refers to all the companies who provide materials

enterprise computing

refers to information systems that support company-wide operations and data management requirements

spiral model

represents a series of iterations or revisions, based on user feedback

deliverable

result of each phase which flows into next phase

feasible study

reviews anticipated costs and benefits and recommends a course of action based on operational, technical, economic, and time factors

system development life cycle

serious of phases to plan, analyze, design, implement, and support an information system

business process

specific set of transactions, events, and results that can be described and documented

horizontal system

system, such as inventory or payroll application, that can be adapted for use in many different types of companies

processes

tasks and business functions that users, managers, and IT staff members perform to achieve specific results

iterative development

team based effort and short-term milestones helped keep quality up and costs down

Computer Aided System Engineering Tools

technique that uses powerful software, called CASE tools, to help system analysts develop and maintain information systems

prototyping

test system concepts and provides and oppourtunity to examine input, output, ad user interfaces before final decisions are made

Information Technology

the combination of hardware, software, and services that people use to manage, communicate, and share information

Software

the programs that control hardware and produce desired information or results

radio frequency indentification

uses high-frequency radio waves to track physical objects

data flow diagram

uses various symbols and shapes to represent data flow, processing, and storage

System Analyst

valued member of the IT department team who helps plan, develop, and maintain information systems

certification

verifies that an individual demonstrated a certain level of knowledge and sill on standardized test

requirement modeling

where you investigate business processes and document what the new system must do to satisfy users


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