Chapter 1: Taking Charge of Your Health

social norm

A behavior or an attitude that a particular group expects, values, and enforces.

wellness

A deliberate lifestyle choice characterized by personal responsibility and optimal enhancement of physical, mental, and spiritual health.

health belief model (HBM)

A model of behavioral change that focuses on the individual's attitudes and beliefs.

transtheoretical model

A model of behavioral change that focuses on the individual's decision making; it states that an individual progresses through a sequence of six stages as he or she makes a change in behavior.

health

A state of complete well-being, including physical, psychological, spiritual, social, intellectual, and environmental dimensions

Which of the following is an application of social health? A. Developing healthy, satisfying friendships B. Developing awareness that happiness is only possible in the present C. The need to function effectively with only the help of others D. Your ability to properly question and evaluate information

A. Developing healthy, satisfying friendships

Which of the following statements is true about the impact of unhealthy choices on young Americans? A. Obese children often grow into obese adults, with risks of diabetes and cardiovascular disease. B. A mild rise in blood pressure during young adulthood does not increase the risk of clogged heart arteries by middle age. C. Young adults who begin using tobacco or alcohol in their teens and 20s are less likely to continue to do so as they get older. D. Aerobic fitness has little impact on the cardiovascular health of individuals in later years.

A. Obese children often grow into obese adults, with risks of diabetes and cardiovascular disease.

Which of the following statements is true of the health differences between men and women? A. Women are more likely than men to not smoke and to eat a healthy diet, but less likely to have adequate physical activity levels. B. As a young American, your probability of reaching your 50th birthday is higher than in almost every other high-income nation. C. About 1 to 6 Hispanics has prediabetes; most Hispanics with diabetes have it under control. D. Overall, black Americans are less likely to develop cancer than persons of any other racial or ethnic group.

A. Women are more likely than men to not smoke and to eat a healthy diet, but less likely to have adequate physical activity levels.

Factors that influence health behavior that include knowledge, attitudes, beliefs, values, and perceptions are _______ factors. A. predisposing B. enabling C. risk D. reinforcing

A. predisposing

locus of control

An individual's belief about the sources of power and influence over his or her life.

health promotion

Any planned combination of educational, political, regulatory, and organizational supports for actions and conditions of living conducive to the health of individuals, groups, or communities.

According to a national survey of more the 4,700 people, what is the percentage of people who get a failing grade in healthy lifestyle habits? A. 71.5 percent B. 97.3 percent C. 38.6 percent D. 25.2 percent

B. 97.3 percent

Which of the following best describes being "healthy" according to the World Health Organization? A. Having a fit body and consuming colorful fruits and vegetables B. Being physically, socially, and mentally well C. Being without physical disease D. Being the offspring of a good family

B. Being physically, socially, and mentally well

self-efficacy

Belief in one's ability to accomplish a goal or change a behavior.

Which of the following is one of the health issues that undergraduate college students in particular experience? A. Athletes have higher health-related quality of life than their same-age peers who did not or no longer play college sports. B. They are less likely to use alcohol and drugs than nonstudents their age. C. A significant proportion report symptoms of depression, anxiety, and other mental disorders. D. Undergraduates typically lose weight.

C. A significant proportion report symptoms of depression, anxiety, and other mental disorders.

Which age group of Americans experiences the greatest health deficits? A. Children B. Teenagers C. Young adults D. The elderly

C. Young adults

Which of the following represents an external locus of control? A. A belief that success is a matter of hard work and not luck B. A belief that capable people who fail to become leaders have not taken advantage of their opportunities C. A belief that people's misfortunes result from mistakes they make D. A belief that getting a good job depends mainly on being in the right place at the right time

D. A belief that getting a good job depends mainly on being in the right place at the right time

Which of the following represents an internal locus of control? A. A belief that getting a good job depends mainly on being in the right place at the right time B. A belief that what is going to happen will happen C. A belief that without the right breaks, one cannot be an effective leader D. A belief that success is a matter of hard work and not luck

D. A belief that success is a matter of hard work and not luck

According to which theory or model of personal change do people take a health-related action if they feel susceptible to a possible negative consequence? A. Moral B. Behavioral C. Compensatory D. Health belief

D. Health belief

Which dimension of health is about using your critical thinking skills to make life decisions? A. Environmental health B. Spiritual health C. Physical health D. Intellectual health

D. Intellectual health

What is considered to be a more significant factor as it relates to health disparities? A. Environmental influences B. Being a female C. Genetic variation D. Poverty

D. Poverty

In searching the Internet for information about a question you have regarding your health, which one of these is NOT a key concern? A. Potential author bias B. Researcher credentials C. Date the page was created and/or updated D. The web browser used

D. The web browser used

Which statement is true regarding health differences between men and women? A. Breast cancer is the leading cause of death among woman B. Men are more likely to be overweight than women C. Women around the world have shorter lifespans than men and higher rates of cancer, heart disease, stroke, lung disease, kidney disease, liver disease, and HIV/AIDS D. Women are 70 percent more likely to develop depression than men over their lifetime

D. Women are 70 percent more likely to develop depression than men over their lifetime

In the long run, a person with an external locus of control believes that people get the respect they deserve in this world. True False

False

prevention

Information and support offered to help healthy people identify their health risks, reduce stressors, prevent potential medical problems, and enhance their well-being.

protection

Measures that an individual can take when participating in risky behavior to prevent injury or unwanted risks.

reinforcing factors

Rewards, encouragement, and recognition that influence our behavior in the short run.

predisposing factors

The beliefs, values, attitudes, knowledge, and perceptions that influence our behavior.

enabling factors

The skills, resources, and physical and mental capabilities that shape our behavior.

For a student with an internal locus of control, there is rarely an unfair test. True False

True

What is a difference in today's traditional-age undergraduate college students compared to previous generations? a. They are the most diverse in higher education history. b. They are less connected and less isolated than previous generations. c. Approximately 5 percent are black and Hispanic. d. They work less than previous generations, and therefore have the opportunity to graduate earlier from college.

a. They are the most diverse in higher education history.

Which of the following is true regarding a student's future health? a. Young adults who acquire an STI may jeopardize both their future fertility and their health. b. Individuals who begin using tobacco or alcohol in their teens and 20s generally do not continue to do so as they get older. c. Obese children generally grow into healthy weight adults. d. People in their 20s who have even mildly elevated blood pressure need not worry because they will outgrow their short-term blood pressure problem.

a. Young adults who acquire an STI may jeopardize both their future fertility and their health.

College-age men are more likely than women to _____. a. have protected sex b. use drugs and alcohol c. abstain from using drugs d. drive safely

b. use drugs and alcohol

Which is true regarding the health habits of students? a. Most get the recommended amount of physical activity. b. Very few men report using a condom when having vaginal intercourse. c. Only 11 percent of students say they get enough sleep. d. Students who use stimulants to help them study have detectable improvements in their grades.

c. Only 11 percent of students say they get enough sleep.

When thinking about predisposing factors, what helps people change their behavior? a. Attitude b. Dislike c. Knowledge d. Beliefs

d. Beliefs

From their final year of high school to their second year of college, students are likely to do which of the following? a. Increase their participation in sports b. Increase their video game playing time c. Lose 10 pounds d. Consume more alcohol

d. Consume more alcohol

Individuals who have an external locus of control feel which of the following? a. They need to give only a little effort to execute a positive change b. They are in control of their actions c. As if they can change anything d. Forces outside of them determine their fate

d. Forces outside of them determine their fate

According to the self-affirmation theory, which of the following is one of the fastest ways to actually make a health-related change? a. Deciding to wait until your partner, spouse, or friend makes the change first b. Blaming your unhealthy behavior on someone else c. Worrying about your health until you really feel sad about your behavior d. Repeating a positive affirmation

d. Repeating a positive affirmation

Which of the following is not a doctor-recommended website? a. FDA b. WebMD c. Mayo Clinic d. Study.com

d. Study.com