Chapter 1 Terms

1.0567

1 L = ?qt

5280

1 Mile = ?ft

4.184

1 cal = ?J

4

1 gal = 4qt

2.54

1 in = ?cm

453.6

1 lb = ?g

16

1 lb = ?oz

Deci

1 x 10^-1

Pico

1 x 10^-12

Centi

1 x 10^-2

Milli

1 x 10^-3

Micro

1 x 10^-6

Nano

1 x 10^-9

Kilo

1 x 10^3

Mega

1 x 10^6

Giga

1 x 10^9

3

1 yard = ?ft

14.70

1000 atm = ?psi

E

A dose of medication was prescribed to be 35 microliters. Which of the following expresses that volume in centiliters? A) 3.5 x 10^5 CL B) 3.5 x 10^4 CL C) 3.5 cL D) 3.5 x 10^-4 CL E) 3.5 x 10^ -3 CL

B

A flask has a mass of 78.23 g when empty and 593.63 g when filled with water. When the same flask is filled with concentrated sulfuric acid, H2SO4, its mass is 1026.57 g. What is the density of concentrated sulfuric acid? (Assume water has a density of 1.00 g/cm3 at the temperature of the measurement.) A) 1.992 g/cm3 B) 1.840 g/cm3 C) 1.729 g/cm3 D) 1.598 g/cm3 E) 0.543 g/cm3

A

A large pizza has a diameter of 15 inches. Express this diameter in centimeters. A) 38 cm B) 24 cm C) 18 cm D) 9.3 cm E) 5.9 cm

D

Acetic acid boils at 244.2°F. What is its boiling point in degrees Celsius? A) 382.0°C B) 167.7°C C) 153.4°C D) 117.9°C E) 103.7°C

B

Acetone, which is used as a solvent and as a reactant in the manufacture of Plexiglas®, boils at 56.1°C. What is the boiling point in degrees Fahrenheit? A) 159°F B) 133°F C) 101°F D) 69.0°F E) 43.4°F

D

During the swing of a friction less pendulum, what energy form(s) remain constant? A) kinetic energy only B) potential energy only C) both kinetic energy and potential energy D) kinetic plus potential energy E) None of these forms remains constant.

Nonpotential Energy

Energy due to the motion of the object

Potential Energy

Energy due to the position of the object or energy from a potential chemical reaction

B

Express 96,342 m using 2 significant figures. A) 9.60 x 10^4 m B) 9.6 x 10^4 m C) 9.60 x 10^-4 m D) 9.6 x 10^-4 m E) 96,000. m

F = 1.8*C + 32

Formulate to convert Celsius to Fahrenheit

K = C + 273.15

Formulate to convert Celsius to Kelvin

C = [F - 32] / 1.8

Formulate to convert Fahrenheit to Celsius

C = K - 273.15

Formulate to convert Kelvin to Clesius

0

Freezing point of water in Celsius

32

Freezing point of water in Fahrenheit

273.15

Freezing point of water in Kelvin

E

Given that 1 inch = 2.54 cm, 1 cm3 is equal to A) 16.4 in3 B) 6.45 in3 C) 0.394 in3 D) 0.155 in3 E) 0.0610 in3

C

If the price of gold at the morning fixing in London was $5310 per lb, what would a kilogram of gold have cost in £ (pounds)? (Assume an exchange rate of $1.00 = £0.545) A) £1310 B) £3510 C) £6370 D) £10400 E) £17100

A

In an average year the American chemical industry produces more than 9.5 million metric tons of sodium carbonate. Over half of this is used in the manufacture of glass while another third is used in the production of detergents and other chemicals. How many pounds of sodium carbonate are produced annually? A) 2.1 x 10^10 lb B) 4.3 x 10^9 lb C) 1.1 x 10^7 lb D) 2.2 x 10^6 lb E) 2.1 x 10^4 lb

Random Error

In the absence of systematic error, some values that are higher and some that are lower than the actual value. Personal error

B

Isopropyl alcohol, commonly known as rubbing alcohol, boils at 82.4°C. What is the boiling point in kelvins? A) 387.6 K B) 355.6 K C) 323.6 K D) 190.8 K E) -190.8 K

Kelvin

K = ?

Kilogram

Kg = ?

Volume

L = Liter

Observation

Natural phenomena and measured events; universally consistent ones can be stated as a natural law.

Physical Change

Occurs when a substance alters its physical properties and not it composition example when ice melts

Chemical changes

Occurs when substance is converted into different substance(s) Example Electric Current through water gives hydrogen and oxygen

Chemical

Physical or Chemical?: A cornstalk grows from a seed that is watered and fertilized.

Chemical

Physical or Chemical?: A silver fork tarnishes slowly in air.

Chemical

Physical or Chemical?: Dynamite explodes to form a mixture of gases.

Physical

Physical or Chemical?: Frost forms as the temperature drops on a humid winter night.

Physical

Physical or Chemical?: Perspiration evaporates when you relax after jogging.

Experiment

Procedure to test hypothesis; measures one variable at a time.

Accuracy

Refers to how close a measurement is to the real value.

Precision

Refers to reproducibility or how close the measurements are to each other.

C

Select the best statement. A) Chemical changes provide the only valid basis for identification of a substance. B) Chemical changes are easily reversed by altering the temperature of the system. C) Chemical changes always produce substances different from the starting materials. D) Chemical changes are associated primarily with extensive properties. E) Chemical changes are accompanied by changes in the total mass of the substancesinvolved.

A

Select the best statement. A) Physical changes may be reversed by changing the temperature. B) Physical changes alter the composition of the substances involved. C) Physical properties are not valid characteristics for identifying a substance. D) Physical properties are mostly extensive in nature. E) Physical changes are usually accompanied by chemical changes.

Theory Model

Set of conceptual assumptions that explains data from accumulated experiments; predicts related phenomena.

B

Talc is a mineral that has low conductivity for heat and electricity and that is not attacked by acid. It is used as talcum powder and face powder. A sample of talc weighs 35.97 g in air and 13.65 g in mineral oil (d = 1.75 g/cm3). What is the density of talc? A) 4.61 g/cm3 B) 2.82 g/cm3 C) 2.63 g/cm3 D) 2.44 g/cm3 E) 1.61 g/cm3

Hypothesis

Tentative proposal that explains observations.

Further Experiment

Tests predictions based on model.

Kelvin

The "Absolute temperature scale" begins at absolute zero and only has positive values.

C

The S.I. base unit of mass is A) mg B) g C) kg D) metric ton E) lb

D

The S.I. prefix mega- (M) means A) 10^-6 B) 10^-3 C) 10^3 D) 10^6 E) 10^9

D

The S.I. unit of speed (velocity) is A) km/h B) km/s C) m/h D) m/s E) none of these choices is correct

B

The appropriate number of significant figures in the result of 15.234 - 15.208 is A) 1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 4 E) 5

D

The appropriate number of significant figures in the result of 15.234 x 15.208 is A) 2 B) 3 C) 4 D) 5 E) 6

A

The area of a 15-inch pizza is 176.7 in2. Express this area in square centimeters. A) 1140. cm2 B) 448.8 cm2 C) 96.8 cm2 D) 69.57 cm2 E) 27.39 cm2

C

The average distance between the Earth and the Moon is 240,000 miles. Express this distance in kilometers. A) 6.1 x 10^5 km B) 5.3 x 10^5 km C) 3.9 x 10^5 km D) 1.5 x 10^5km E) 9.4 x 10^4km

A

The average distance from Earth to the Sun is 150 megameters. What is that distance in meters? A) 1.5 x 10^8 m B) 1.5 x 10^6 m C) 1.5 x 10^5 m D) 1.5 x 10^3 m E) 1.5 x 10^-6 m

Energy

The capacity to do work

Properties

The characteristics that give each substance a unique identity

D

The density of mercury, the only metal to exist as a liquid at room temperature, is 13.6g/cm3. What is that density in pounds per cubic inch? A) 849 lb/in3 B) 491 lb/in3 C) 376 lb/in3 D) 0.491 lb/in3 E) 1.83 x 10^-3 lb/in3

C

The distance between carbon atoms in ethylene is 134 picometers. Which of the following expresses that distance in meters? A) 1.34 x 10^-13 m B) 1.34 x 10^-12 m C) 1.34 x 10^-10 m D) 1.34 x 10^-7 m E) 1.34 x 10^-6 m

C

The mass of a sample is 550 milligrams. Which of the following expresses that mass in kilograms? A) 5.5 x 10^8 kg B) 5.5 x 10^5 kg C) 5.5 x 10^-4 kg D) 5.5 x 10^-6 kg E) 5.5 x 10^-1 kg

A

The result of (3.8621 x 1.5630) - 5.98 is properly written as A) 0.06 B) 0.056 C) 0.0565 D) 0.05646 E) 0.056462

B

The speed needed to escape the pull of Earth's gravity is 11.3 km/s. What is this speed in mi/h? A) 65,500 mi/h B) 25,300 mi/h C) 18,200 mi/h D) 1,090 mi/h E) 5.02 x 10^-3 mi/h

Celsius

The temperature scale used by science, formally called centigrade, most commonly used scale around the world;

Composition

The types and amounts of simpler substances that make up a sample of matter

Chemical Properties

Those which the substance shows as it interacts with, or transforms into, other substances such as flammability, corrosiveness

Physical Properties

Those which the substance shows by itself without interacting with another substance such as color, melting point, boiling point, density

Systematic error

Values that are either all higher or all lower than the actual value. Example is Instrument calibration problem or instrument default

E

Water vapor is less dense than ice because A) molecules in the gas phase are in constant motion. B) molecules in the gas phase have more potential energy than in solids. C) molecules in the gas phase have more kinetic energy than in solids. D) gaseous molecules have less mass. E) molecules in the gas phase have more space between them than in solids.

E

Which measurement is expressed to 4 significant figures? A) 0.00423 kg B) 24.049 cm C) 1300 K D) 82,306 m E) 62.40 g

E

Which of the following activities is not a part of good science? A) proposing a theory B) developing a hypothesis C) making quantitative observations D) designing experiments E) indulging in speculation

C

Which of the following is a chemical change? A) boiling of water B) melting wax C) broiling a steak on a grill D) condensing water vapor into rainfall E) carving a piece of wood

E

Which of the following is an extensive property of oxygen? A) boiling point B) temperature C) average kinetic energy of molecules D) density E) mass

D

Which of the following is not an S.I. base unit? A) meter B) ampere C) second D) gram E) kelvin

C

Which of the following represents the largest volume? A) 10,000 μL B) 1000 pL C) 100 mL D) 10 nL E) 10 cm3

D

Which one of the following is a "substance" in the sense of the word as used in your textbook? A) air B) tap water C) sea water D) water E) toothpaste

D

You prepare 1000. mL of tea and transfer it to a 1.00 quart pitcher for storage. Which of the following statements is true? A) The pitcher will be filled to 100% of its capacity with no tea spilled. B) The pitcher will be filled to about 95% of its capacity. C) The pitcher will be filled to about 50% of its capacity. D) The pitcher will be completely filled and a small amount of tea will overflow. E) The pitcher will be completely filled and most of the tea will overflow.

Meter

m = ?

Amount of Substance

mol =

Second

s = ?

Plan

Clarify the known and unknown Suggest steps from known to unknown Prepare a visual summary of steps

Fahrenheit

Commonly used scale in the U.S. for our weather reports;

Matter

Anything that has mass and volume -the "stuff" of the universe: books, planets, trees, professors, students

C

As chief chemist at Superior Analytical Products (SAP) you must design an experiment to determine the density of an unknown liquid to three (3) significant figures. The density is of the order of 1 g/cm3 cylinders and balances are available for your use. Which of the following combinations of equipment will allow you to meet but not exceed your goal?. You have approximately 7 mL of the liquid and only graduated A) Graduated cylinder with ±0.1 mL uncertainty; balance with ±0.1 g uncertainty B) Graduated cylinder with ±0.01 mL uncertainty; balance with ±0.1 g uncertainty C) Graduated cylinder with ±0.01 mL uncertainty; balance with ±0.01 g uncertainty D) Graduated cylinder with ±0.001 mL uncertainty; balance with ±0.001 g uncertainty E) Graduated cylinder with ±0.1 mL uncertainty; balance with ±0.001 g uncertainty

A

At a pressure of one billionth (10-9 ) of atmospheric pressure, there are about 2.7 x 10^10 molecules in one cubic centimeter of a gas. How many molecules is this per cubic meter? A) 2.7 x 10^16 B) 2.7 x 10^14 C) 2.7 x 10^12 D) 2.7 x 10^8 E) 2.7 x 10^4

100

Boiling point of water in Celsius

212

Boiling point of water in Fahrenheit

373.15

Boiling point of water in Kelvin