A&P chapter 16
Which cavity of the eyeball is divided into an anterior and posterior chamber? anterior cavity posterior cavity
anterior cavity
Receptors that detect chemicals are called ___
chemoreceptors
Gustatory cells are ______. mechanoreceptors photoreceptors chemoreceptors
chemoreceptors
Receptors in blood vessels that monitor the concentration of carbon dioxide in our blood are called ______. mechanoreceptors nociceptors photoreceptors chemoreceptors
chemoreceptors
How many auditory ossicles are found in each ear? 2 4 1 3
3
The tympanic cavity is filled with ______. vitreous humor aqueous humor endolymph air perilymph
air
What are the functions of the auditory ossicles? (SATA) funnel sound into the ear canal open the tympanic membrane amplify sound transmit sounds waves to inner ear
amplify sound transmit sounds waves to inner ear
The semicircular ducts are involved in detecting _____ acceleration.
angular
Which type of receptor detects pressure changes? thermoreceptors baroreceptors chemoreceptors nociceptors
baroreceptors
When the ____ membrane moves, the _____ on the spiral organ hair cells distort because they are anchored by the tectorial membrane.
basilar; stereocilia
What eye disorder causes "milky" vision? glaucoma astigmatism cataracts macular degeneration
cataracts
Receptors initiate sensory input to the ______. central nervous system skin peripheral nervous system organs muscles
central nervous system
Earwax is a combination of dead skin cells and ____
cerumen
What substance, produced in the external ear, impedes microorganism growth? sebum apocrine cerumen mucous
cerumen
Otitis media is more common in ______. children adults
children
What is the largest structure of the vascular tunic? choroid ciliary body iris
choroid
What is the largest structure of the vascular tunic? choroid iris ciliary body
choroid
What structure is filled with pigment from melanocytes? choroid pupil cornea sclera
choroid
What structure is filled with pigment from melanocytes? cornea choroid pupil sclera
choroid
The iris is continuous with the ______. tarsal glands ciliary body sclera choroid
ciliary body
The cochlea has three fluid-filled ducts. Which are the names of these ducts? (SATA) cochlear duct scala vestibuli scala tympani tectorial membrane semicircular duct
cochlear duct scala vestibuli scala tympani
The auditory sensory axons of the ____ branch of cranial nerve number ____ terminate in the cochlear nucleus within the brainstem.
cochlear; 8
The optic disc is associated with ______. cranial nerve II cranial nerve IV cranial nerve III cranial nerve I
cranial nerve II
Light rays are refracted or bent when they pass through two media of different ______. colors densities molarities solubilities
densities
The auricle has ____ cartilage that supports its structure.
elastic
Which are the correct names for the tube that connects the middle ear to the nasopharynx? (SATA) eustachian tube auditory tube external auditory canal pharyngotympanic tube
eustachian tube auditory tube pharyngotympanic tube
The auricle directs sound waves into the bony tube called the ______ ______ meatus.
external auditory
Cutaneous receptors are a type of ______. interoceptors proprioceptors exteroceptors
exteroceptors
What type of receptor is found in the mucous membranes? exteroceptors interoceptors proprioceptors
exteroceptors
Palpebrae are more commonly called ______. eyeballs eyelashes eyebrows eyelids
eyelids
True or false: The eye is spherical, measuring about 5 centimeters in diameter, and most of it is receded into the orbit of the skull.
false
The external layer of the eyeball is the ______ tunic. fibrous vascular nervous
fibrous
The outmost layer of the eye is called the ______ tunic. pigmented vascular fibrous nervous
fibrous
Sensory receptors in the utricle detect the position of the ______. head arms feet legs
head
The term equilibrium refers to our awareness and monitoring of our _____ position.
head
The vestibulocochlear nerve transmits ______ information. smell and taste taste and hearing hearing and equilibrium
hearing and equilibrium
Interoceptors detect stimuli from the body's ______ environment. external internal
internal
Interoceptors detect stimuli from the body's ______ environment. internal external
internal
The sclera ______. (SATA) is made of dense connective tissue provides for eye shape is made of loose connective tissue allows light to enter the eye
is made of dense connective tissue provides for eye shape
The lacrimal apparatus produces, collects, and drains ______ fluid.
lacrimal
Where are tears created? orbital fat lacrimal caruncle palpebral fissure lacrimal apparatus
lacrimal apparatus
Otitis media is an infection of the ______. inner ear external ear middle ear
middle ear
Optic tracts ultimately are directed to the primary visual cortex in the ______ lobe. occipital frontal parietal temporal
occipital
A lack of photoreceptors in this structure creates the "blind spot"? fovea centralis macula lutea optic disc
optic disc
The fat surrounding the eye is called _____ fat.
orbital
The utricle and saccule contain small crystals. What are these crystals called? vestibular complex hair cells macula otoliths
otoliths
The external ear is located mostly on the outside of the body, while the middle and inner ear areas are housed within the _____ part of the temporal bone.
petrous
If stimulated over a period of time, ______ receptors lose eventually sensitivity.
phasic
What type of receptor can undergo adaptation? phasic tonic
phasic
The iris controls the size of the ______. eyeball pupil lens
pupil
Most of the eye is ______ the orbit of the skull. exterior to receded into
receded into
The area that a receptor cell gathers information from is called the ______. tonic receptor stimulus phasic receptor receptive field
receptive field
Some individuals experience pain in their left shoulder during a heart attack. This is an example of ______. referred pain phantom pain
referred pain
The lens is ______ when we are viewing close-up objects. flattened rounded
rounded
The vestibule contains two structures, the utricle, and ____.
saccule
Sensory receptors in which structures help monitor and adjust our equilibrium? (SATA) cochlea auditory tube saccule utricle semicircular ducts
saccule utricle semicircular ducts
Which part of the eye is an attachment site for extrinsic eye muscles? cornea sclera lens
sclera
Which are a part of the fibrous tunic? sclera iris cornea
sclera cornea
Tarsal glands are ______. apocrine glands eccrine glands sebaceous glands
sebaceous glands
When a figure skater does a lengthy spin on the ice, it is the sensory receptors in her ____ canals of the inner ear that are informing her brain about the position of her moving he
semicircular
Which structures are part of the vestibular complex? (SATA) semicircular ducts saccule utricle middle ear cochlea
semicircular ducts saccule utricle
Receptors for general senses are usually ______. complex in structure found in specialized sensory organs simple in structure
simple in structure
Receptors for general senses are distributed throughout the ______ and viscera. ears bones eyes skin
skin
Which auditory ossicle contacts the oval window? malleus incus stapes
stapes
The utricle and saccule are involved in functions involving the position of the head? (SATA) angular acceleration static equilibrium hearing linear acceleration
static equilibrium linear acceleration
Gustation is the sense of ______
taste
The middle and inner ear are in which bone? sphenoid bone ethmoid bone temporal bone occipital bone
temporal lobe
A feature common to all receptors is ______. they are found on tips of axons the ability to respond to a stimulus they are always unicellular they are found in specialized sense organs
the ability to respond to a stimulus
Somatic receptors are found within ______. blood vessels the body wall internal organs viscera
the body wall
True or false: It is the utricle and saccule that inform your brain that your head is upright.
true
The vascular tunic of the eye is also called the ______. cornea iris retina uvea
uvea
The vascular tunic of the eye is also called the ______. cornea retina iris uvea
uvea
What type of papillae is largest and least numerous? vallate fungiform filiform foliate
vallate
The conjunctiva is ______. avascular vascular
vascular
Which layer of the eye contains the blood and lymph vessels? vascular tunic fibrous tunic retina
vascular tunic
Stretch receptors in the stomach would be classified as what type? somatic sensory visceral sensory visceral motor somatic motor
visceral sensory
In the eye, the ________ humor is gelatinous
vitreous
The posterior cavity contains the ______ humor. vitreous scleral
vitreous
What is the most numerous type of receptor? chemoreceptors tactile receptors proprioceptors visual receptors
tactile receptors
Optic tracts extend to which structures after they leave the optic chiasm? (SATA) the lateral geniculate nucleus of the thalamus inferior colliculi the medial geniculate nucleus of the hypothalamus superior colliculi
the lateral geniculate nucleus of the thalamus superior colliculi
Cataracts are a disorder of the _____. lens optic nerve pupil cornea
lens
The iris controls the size of the ______. pupil eyeball lens
pupil
______ occurs when impulses from an organ are perceived as originating from the skin. Referred pain Phantom pain
Referred pain
The eyelids are also called ____
palpebrae
Receptors for general senses are distributed throughout the ______ and viscera. ears skin bones eyes
skin
Localization and sensitivity are easily determined in a ______ receptive field. large small
small
Olfaction is the sense of ______. vision balance smell taste
smell
We use the sense of _____ to sample our environment for information about the food we will eat, the presence of other individuals in the room, or potential danger.
smell
Taste buds are found on the tongue and ______. nasal epithelium soft palate inner cheeks
soft palate
Tarsal glands release ______. an oily substance tears
an oily substance
True or false: The primary purpose of the eyebrows is to keep sweat out of the eyes.
true
The external acoustic meatus terminates at the _____ membrane, which is most commonly called the eardrum.
tympanic
The external acoustic meatus extends from the auricle to the ______. cochlea tympanic membrane vestibule pinna
tympanic membrane
Which are true of conjunctiva?(SATA) It contains goblet cells. It is vascular. It does not contain nerve endings. It does not cover the cornea.
It contains goblet cells. It is vascular. It does not cover the cornea.
The sphincter pupillae ______ the pupil. constricts dilates
constricts
The palpebral conjunctiva ______. lines the internal surface of the eyelid in on the anterior surface of the eyeball
lines the internal surface of the eyelid
Small elevations that can be easily seen on the tongue surface are called ______. papillae gustatory receptors taste buds
papillae
The sphincter pupillae is controlled by the ______ division of the nervous system. parasympathetic sympathetic
parasympathetic
The black hole in the eye is called the _____ and it is surrounded by the colorful ______
pupil; iris
Which are the types of papillae? (SATA) villiform fungiform foliate vallate filiform
fungiform foliate vallate filiform
The cornea is ______. opaque transparent
transparent
Which are the characteristics of the cornea? (SATA) vascular opaque transparent avascular
transparent avascular
Olfactory receptors ______. perceive sounds perceive tastes perceive odors maintain coordination and balance
perceive odors
What chamber is between the iris and cornea? posterior chamber anterior chamber
anterior chamber
What type of fluid is found in the anterior cavity of the eyeball? aqueous humor blood vitreous humor
aqueous humor
Exteroceptors detect stimuli from the ______ environment. external internal body
external
What type of cell is found between the photoreceptors and bipolar cells? horizontal cells amacrine cells ganglion cells
horizontal cells
What type of cell is found between the photoreceptors and bipolar cells? horizontal cells ganglion cells amacrine cells
horizontal cells
Where are photoreceptors located? in the neural layer of the choroid in the pigmented layer of the choroid in the pigmented layer of the iris in the neural layer of the retina
in the neural layer of the retina
Specific types of receptors called _____ detect stimuli in the internal organs.
interoceptors
What structure is the dividing line between the anterior and posterior chambers? iris cornea retina
iris
What structure is the dividing line between the anterior and posterior chambers? retina iris cornea
iris
A flattened dendritic disc is a type of unencapsulated receptor called a ______. root hair plexus free nerve ending tactile disc
tactile disc
Hearing and our sense of balance comes from the stimulation of which cranial nerve? accessory spinal trigeminal vestibulocochlear vagus facial abducens
vestibulocochlear
The lens is ______ when we are viewing faraway objects. flattened rounded
flattened
Mechanoreceptors located in the skin and mucous membranes are called ______ receptors. chemical tactile visceral
tactile
Aqueous humor is secreted into the _____ chamber before traveling to the ____ chamber of the eye.
posterior; anterior
Receptors of the human body convert stimulus energy into ______. mechanical energy chemicals an electrical signal
an electrical signal
What chamber is between the iris and cornea? anterior chamber posterior chamber
anterior chamber
What type of fluid is found in the anterior cavity of the eyeball? blood vitreous humor aqueous humor
aqueous humor
The short and spiky papillae that are on the anterior two-thirds of the tongue are ______ papillae. fungiform foliate filiform
filiform