Chapter 1: The basics of Nutrition

How many kilocalories are provided from a food containing 4 grams of protein.

(16) - 4 kilograms per gram of protein.

What are examples of risk factors?

- Nutritional habits - Smoking - Heredity

Nutrient toxicity may result from ________.

- Taking megadoses of a supplement. - Eating large amounts of foods that are fortified.

What constant is used to convert inches to centimeters?

2.54 cm

Your client weighs 150 pounds, what is her weight in kilograms?

Dividing weight in pounds by 2.2 = weight in kilograms. 150/2.2 = (68.2 kg)

What system of measurement is used in nutrition?

Metric.

What are examples of foods that are considered a provider of empty calories?

Pastries, sugar-sweetened soft drinks, and alcohol.

What is the substance found in many plants that is not considered a nutrient but has many benefits?

Phytochemicals

What is the leading cause (risk factor) of preventable death in North America?

Smoking

A dietary supplement is a product that contains:

Vitamins, amino acids, and minerals

What products would be considered a dietary supplement?

Vitamins, minerals, and Amino Acids.

What is produced when a wheat kernel is stripped of its nutrient-rich germ and bran?

White flour

Examples of foods considered as NUTRIENT DENSE?

Whole-grain cereals and fat-free milk.

Carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, vitamins, minerals, and water are all

classes of nutrients.

A poor diet and physical inactivity will increase your risk of _____________.

dying prematurely.

The major role of carbohydrate is to provide the body with __________________?

energy.

A person's way of living that includes patterns of behavior such as dietary practices and physical inactivity habits is called _____________.

lifestyle

What food is energy dense but not with empty calories?

nuts.

When compared to a whole product, a refined product will typically have less _____________.

vitamins and minerals.

What are the objectives that are set by Healthy People 2020 for Nutrition and Weight Status?

-Increase the variety and intake of vegetables among people who are 2 years of age and older. - Increase the proportion of adults who have a healthy weight. - Reduce the proportion of obese children and adolescents.

Humans need to learn about??

-The nutritional value of food to eat well -The effects of food on their health to eat well

_____________ describes a persons usual patter of food choices.

Diet

True or False. Expending more calories than consumed will result in a weight gain.

False

An energy intake greater than energy expenditure results in:

body fat increase

Poor eating habits contribute to the leading causes of death to Americans. The top two leading causes of death to Americans are ______________?

caner and heart disease.

The information we know about the relationship between diet and health is:

constantly evolving

What is the term used to describe the intake of a vitamin or mineral that greatly exceeds the recommended amount?

megadose

The typical American today consumes _________ fat, sugar, and total kcalories than in 1970.

more

There are ______ foods that will cure or prevent cancer.

no

Many _____ are antioxidants that may reduce risks of heart disease and certain cancers

phytochemicals

A ________________________ is a term used when discussing aspects such as heredity, lifestyle, and nutritional choices that contribute to the development of a disease.

risk factor

The nutrient that comprises the largest percentage of the body of a healthy man or woman is ___________.

water

What would be effective in decreasing a persons risk for premature death?

- Consuming fruits and vegetables -Exercising regularly

A nutrient that must be supplied by food and cannot be made in sufficient quantities by the body is called a(n) ______________ nutrient.

Essential

True or False. Most foods are predominantly one nutrient.

False.

The body breaks food down into _______ such as carbohydrates, fat, and protein.

Nutrients

___________ is the study of how the body uses nutrients.

Nutrition

True or False. 1 kilocalorie = 1000 calories 1 kilocalorie = 1 calorie

True

True or False. Humans have no internal drive that motivates us to choose a healthy diet and to eat well we need to learn the effects nutrition has on our health.

True

________________ is considered the most essential nutrient.

Water

No specific food contains _______ the nutrients needed by the body.

all of

A product that contains a vitamin, a mineral, an herb, or other plant product, an amino acid, or a dietary substance that supplements the diet by increasing total intake is called a(n) ____________________.

dietary supplement

Photochemicals are found in ________ and provide significant health benefits.

fruits and vegetables

What are considered as risk factors for a chronic disease?

- Genetic background - Smoking - Physical Inactivity

Diabetes, hypertension, and heart disease are chronic disease caused by ______________.

poor diet and sedentary lifestyle

What are the objectives set by Healthy People 2020 for Nutrition and Weight Status?

- Increase whole grain intake among people who are 2 years of age and older - Reduce the proportion of obese adults - Increase fruit intake among people who are 2 years of age and older.

Reducing one's risk for heart disease and/or cancer can be achieved by:

- Maintaining a healthy weight - Avoiding tobacco exposure - Limiting alcohol intake

What disease are considered chronic?

Heart disease and cancer.

How many kilocalories are in one gram of alcohol?

7

Special diets prescribed for people with chronic health condition are called:

Medical Nutrition Therapies

The sum of all the chemical processes that provide energy for the body to perform work is termed:

Metabolism

A person typically needs strong positive motivation to get them to change their eating behaviors. What are circumstances that will motivate a person to improve ingrained related behaviors?

- Desire to gain/lose weight - Motivated to improve health

What are examples of life-threatening and chronic diseases that result from a poor diet and lack of exercise?

Obesity, heart disease, and diabetes mellitus (type 2)

Overweight or obese Americans are an example of ___________________.

Over-nutrition and malnutrition.

What term describes the amount of a nutrient that is within the range of safe intake and enables the body to function optimally?

Physiological dose