Chapter 1 What is OB?

What are the 10 roles of a manager?

*Interpersonal -figurehead -leader -liaison *Informational -monitor -disseminator -spokesperson *Decisional -entrepreneur -disturbance hadler -resource allocator -negotiator

organization

A consciously coordinated social unit, composed of two or more people, that functions on a relatively continuous basis to achieve a common goal or set of goals. -Planning, organizing, leading and controlling. *Mintzberg concluded that managers perform 10 different, highly interrelated roles or sets of behaviors attributable to their jobs.

Organizational behavior (OB)

A field of study that investigates the impact that individuals, groups, and structure have on behavior within organizations, for the purpose of applying such knowledge toward improving an organization's effectiveness. Individual, groups, and structure

leading

A function that includes motivating employees, directing others, selecting the most effective communication channels, and resolving conflicts.

model

An abstraction of reality. A simplified representation of some real-world phenomenon.

Workforce demographics

Are statistical profiles of the characteristics and composition of the adult working population Are an invaluable human-resource planning aid Enable managers to anticipate and adjust for surpluses or shortages of appropriately skilled individuals

Big date

Background Current Usage New Trends Limitations 1749 Statistic- coined to mean "description of the state"

Systematic Study of Behavior

Behavior generally is predictable if we know how the person perceived the situation and what is important to him or her. Looking at relationships, attempting to attribute causes and effects, and drawing conclusions based on scientific evidence.

compensation for employment

salary, hourly, overtime, bonus, contract, time off, benefits

knowledge application

to provide return on investment, organizational knowledge must become systematic part of management decision making and become situated in decision-support systems

limitation

use evidence as much as possible to inform your intuition and experience.

using social media at work

*Policies on accessing social media at work. *When, where, and for what purpose. *Impact of social media on employee well-being.

Responding to Globalization

-Increased foreign assignments -Working with people from different cultures -Overseeing movement of jobs to countries with low-cost labor -Adapting to differing cultural and regulatory norms

The work of managers can be categorized into 4 different activities or functions, which are:

-Planning, organizing, leading and controlling.

Complementing Intuition with Systematic Study

-systematic study behavior -evidence-based management (EBM) -Intuition

technical skills

-the ability to apply expertise and perform a special task with proficiency. -the ability to apply specialized knowledge or expertise. All jobs require some specialized expertise, and many people develop their _______on the job.

Effective vs. Successful managerial activities: Fred Luthans and his associates found that all managers engage in 4 managerial activities which are:

-traditional management -communication -human resource management -networking

OB poll percentage of men and women working (gender differences)

-woman are 53.2% and men are 64.4%: 2015 -woman are 67.6% and men are 56.0% : 2022 projected in 2022

organizing

Determining what tasks are to be done, who is to do them, how the tasks are to be grouped, who reports to whom, and where decisions are to be made.

improving ethical behavior

Hire individuals with high ethical standards. Establish codes of ethics and decision rules. Delineate job goals and performance appraisal mechanisms. Provide ethics training. Conduct independent social audits. Provide support for individuals facing ethical dilemmas. Lead by example role model

inputs

Individual level -diversity -personality -values group level -group structure -group roles -team responsibility organizational level -structure -culture

liaison

Maintains a network of outside contacts who provide favors and information ex: someone who contacts and fostering relationships with others who provide valuable information. The sales manager who obtains info from the quality-control manager in his own Co. has an internal ______relationship. When that sales manager has contact with other sales executives through a marketing trade association, he has external ______relationship.

Working in Networked Organizations

Networked organizations are becoming more pronounced. A manager's job is fundamentally different in networked organizations. Challenges of motivating and leading "online" require different techniques.

Implications for Managers

Pay attention to your employees' job satisfaction levels as determinants of their performance, turnover, absenteeism, and withdrawal behaviors. Measure employee job attitudes objectively and at regular intervals in order to determine how employees are reacting to their work. To raise employee satisfaction, evaluate the fit between the employee's work interests and the intrinsic parts of the job to create work that is challenging and interesting to the individual. Consider the fact that high pay alone is unlikely to create a satisfying work environment.

monitor role

Receives a wide variety of information; serves as nerve center of internal and external information of the organization ex: collects outside organizations and institutions, typically by scanning the news media and talking with other people to learn of change in the public's tastes and what competitors may be planning is a ______.

leader role

Responsible for the motivation and direction of employees ex: includes them hiring, training, motivation, and disciplining employees is an ex of ______.

Improving customer service

Service employees have substantial interaction with customers. Employee attitudes and behavior are associated with customer satisfaction. Need a customer-responsive culture.

average managers

Spent 32 percent of his or her time in traditional management activities, 29 percent communicating, 20 percent in human resource management activities, and 19 percent networking.

Enhancing employee well-being at work

The creation of the global workforce means work no longer sleeps. Communication technology has provided a vehicle for working at any time or any place. Employees are working longer hours per week. The lifestyles of families have changed —creating conflict. Balancing work and life demands now surpasses job security as an employee priority.

Communication

The imparting or exchanging of information or news

current usage

The reasons for data analytics include predicting any event, detecting how much risk is incurred at any time, and preventing catastrophes.

Organizational behavior (OB)

The study of the actions of people at work; people are the most important asset of an organization

new trends

The use of Big Data for understanding, helping, and managing people is relatively new but holds promise.

background

The use of big data for managerial practices is a relatively new area, but one that holds convincing promise.

According to Henry Minztberg, how many roles did he concluded that managers perform? and what are there main 3?

There are 10 different roles, the main are... Interpersonal, informational, and decisional.

disseminator role

Transmits information received from outsiders or from other employees to members of the organization ex: manager who also act as a conduit to transmit info. to organizational members is a ____.

planning

a process that includes defining goals, establishing strategy, and developing plans to coordinate activities.

stress

a psychological response to demands that possess certain stakes for the person and that tax or exceed the person's capacity or resources

Effectiveness

accomplishing tasks that help fulfill organizational objectives

positive work environment

an environment in which satisfied employees achieve organizational goals with less turnover and absenteeism

manager

an individual who achieves goals through other people

intuition

an instinctive feeling not necessarily supported by research. "gut feeling" about "why I do what I do" and "what makes others tick" -If we make all decisions with ______or gut instict, we're likely working with incomplete info.

network organization

an organization that uses its own employees to do some work activities and networks of outside suppliers to provide other needed product components or work processes

places of employment

anchored office./cubicle, floating shared space, virtual, flexible, work from home

ethical dilemmas and ethical choices

are situations in which an individual is required to define right and wrong conduct. -Good ethical behavior is not so easily defined -Organizations distribute codes of ethics to guide employees through ethical dilemmas. -Managers need to create an ethically healthy climate

Outcomes Variable

attitude stress task performance organizational citizenship behavior withdrawal behavior group cohesion group functioning productive effectiveness/efficiency

Employability Skills

basic skills that are needed to get, keep, and do well at a job

ethical behavior

behavior that conforms to a society's accepted principles of right and wrong

social psychology

blends the concepts of psychology and sociology to focus on the influence of people on one another

positive organizational scholarship

concerned with how organizations develop human strength, foster vitality and resilience, and unlock potential

organizational citizenship behavior

discretionary behavior that is not part of an employee's formal job requirements, but which promotes the effective functioning of the organization

organizational citizenship behavior (OCB)

discretionary behavior that is not part of an employee's formal job requirements, but which promotes the effective functioning of the organization

Responding to Economic Pressures

effective management is especially important during tough economic times employees look to their managers to provide security during the instability of a recession. -in tough economic times, effective management is an asset. -in good times, understanding how to reward, satisfy, and retain employees is at a premium -in bad times, issues like stress, decision making, and coping come to the forefront

Categories of employment

employed, unemployed, not in labor force: underemployed/underutilized, re-employed, jobless, entrepreneur, retired, job seeking, furloughed, laid off

organizational survival

evidence that the organization is able to exist and grow over the long term

Types of employment

full time, part time, flextime, job share, contingent, independent contractor, temp, reduced hrs, intern

outcomes

individual level -attitudes level -task performances -citizenship behavior -withdrawal behavior group level -group cohesion -group functioning organizational level -productivity -survival

processes

individual level -emotions and moods -motivation -perception -decison making group level -communication -leadership -power and politics -conflict and negotiation organizational level -human resource management -change practice

Three levels of analysis in this text's OB model

inputs processes outcomes

Anthropology

is the study of societies to learn about human beings and their activities

Outcomes

key factors that are affected by some other variables

conditions of employment

local, expatriate, short-term assignee, flexpatriate, international business traveler, visa employee, union/nonunion employee

resource allocator role

makes or approves significant organizational decisions ex: managers are responsible for allocating human, physical, and monetary resources is a _____.

productive

making or capable of making large amounts of; giving good results -achieves its goals by transforming inputs into outputs at the lowest cost. This requires both effectiveness and efficiency

controlling

monitoring activities to ensure they are being accomplished as planned and correcting any significant deviations.

Identify the major behavioral science disciplines that contribute to Organizational behavior: there are 4 which are...

organizational behavior is an applied behavioral science that is built upon contributions from a number of behavioral disciplines: -Psychology -Social psychology -Sociology -Anthropology

disturbance handler role

responsible for corrective action when organization faces important, unexpected disturbances ex: managers take corrective action in response to unforeseen problems is a ____.

negotiator role

responsible for representing the organization at major negotiations ex: managers who in which they discuss issues and bargain with other units (internal or external) to gain advantages for their own unit is a _____.

entrepreneur role

searches organization and its environment for opportunities and initiates projects to bring about change ex: managers initiate and oversee new projects that will improve their organization's performance is a ____.

Psychology

seeks to measure, explain, and sometimes change the behavior of humans and other animals

contingency variables

situational factors: variables that moderate the relationship between two or more variables

successful managers

speed of promotion within organization; networking is greatest contributor; HR is least

effective manager

successfully helps others achieve high performance and satisfaction in their work; 44% communicative 26% human resource and 11% networking

figurehead role

symbolic head; required to perform a number of routine duties of a legal or social nature ex: when the president of a college hands out diplomas at commencement or a factory supervisor gives a group of high school students a tour of the plant, they are acting like a ___________.

Management skills include:

technical skills human skills conceptual skills

customer service

the ability of logistics management to satisfy users in terms of time, dependability, communication, and convenience

people skills

the ability to work well with others by using polite communication procedures

human skills

the ability to work with, understand, and motivate other people

task performance

the combination of effectiveness and efficiency at doing your core job tasks

task performance behaviors

the combination of effectiveness and efficiency at doing your core job tasks is a reflection of your level of _______.

Productivity

the combination of the effectiveness and efficiency of an organization

workforce diversity

the concept that organizations are becoming more heterogeneous in terms of gender, age, race, ethnicity, sexual orientation, and inclusion of other diverse groups

organizational survival

the degree to which an organization is able to exist and grow over the long term

employee attitudes

the evaluations employees make, ranging from positive to negative, about objects, people, or events

group cohesion

the extent to which members of a group support and validate one another while at work

conceptual skills

the mental ability to analyze and diagnose complex situations. Decision making, requires managers to identify problems, develop alternative solutions to correct those problems, evaluate those alternative solutions and select the best one.

Social Responsibility

the obligation of a business to contribute to society

group functioning

the quantity and quality of a work group's output

withdrawal behavior

the set of actions employees take to separate themselves from the organization

Sociology

the study of people in relation to their social environment or culture

Demostrate why few absolutes apply to OB

there are few, if any, simple and universal principles that explain organizational behavior -Contingency variables

critical thinking

thinking that does not blindly accept arguments and conclusions. Rather, it examines assumptions, discerns hidden values, evaluates evidence, and assesses conclusions.

evidence-based management

translating principles based on best evidence into organizational practice, bringing rationality to the decision-making process. Basing managerial decisions on the best available scientific evidence.

spokesperson role

transmit information to outsiders on organization's plans, policies, actions, and results; serves as expert on organization's industry ex: when they represent the organization to outsiders is a _____.

Efficiency

using resources in such a way as to maximize the production of goods and services

inputs

variables that lead to processes

Creating a Positive Work Environment

we all have things at which we are unusually good, yet too often we focus on addressing our limitations and too rarely think about how to exploit our strengths area of OB research that concerns how organizations develop human strength, foster vitality and resilience, and unlock potential. -This field of stydy focuses on employees' stregths versus their limitations, as employees share situations in which they performed at their personal best.

Employee Stress

work stress, is an unpleasant psychological process that occurs in response to environmental pressures

Managing Workforce Diversity

workforce diversity