chapter 10 and 11 review

Between 1820 and 1840, the population of the United States Multiple choice question.A)rapidly grew, in part due to improved public health.B)saw the proportion of enslaved blacks to free whites increase.C)increased at a slower rate than the populations of Europe.D)remained relatively constant.E)grew in spite of a very low birth rate in America.

A

American factory workers in early nineteenth-century textile mills largely consisted of Multiple choice question. A)families and rural, single women. B)single men. C)unskilled urban workers. D)young immigrants. E)slaves

A

Before 1860, compared to Irish immigrants, German immigrants to the United States Multiple choice question.A)generally arrived with more money.B)were less likely to migrate with entire families.C)were more likely to remain in eastern cities.D)came in greater numbers.E)generally moved on to the Southeast.

A

As compared to nineteenth-century white practices, religious services for American slaves Multiple choice question. A)were not allowed, by law, to mention freedom. B)were often more emotional. C)were generally more despondent and melancholy than white services. D)denied all references to their African heritage. E)emphasized subservience and submission to God.

B

As the immigrant labor force in New England textile mills grew in the 1840s, Multiple choice question. A)the workday grew shorter and wages declined. B)payment by piece rates replaced a daily wage. C)women and children were more likely to earn more than men. D)safety conditions began to improve. E)the workday grew longer and wages increased.

B

Between 1840 and 1860, the overwhelming majority of immigrants who arrived in the United States came from Multiple choice question.A)Italy and Russia.B)Ireland and Germany.C)England and Russia.D)England and Ireland.E)Ireland and Italy.

B

By 1860, as a result of the social expectations expressed in the "cult of domesticity," Multiple choice question. A)unmarried women were generally excluded from all income-earning activities. B)women became increasingly isolated from the public world. C)middle-class wives were given no special role in the family. D)women who read books or magazines were likely to be criticized. E)women increasingly became seen as contributors to the family economy.

B

By 1860, the textile manufacturing sector of the American South Multiple choice question. A)was nonexistent. B)had increased threefold in value over the previous twenty years. C)had declined in value throughout the 1840s and 1850s. D)was equal to one-third of the value of cotton exported that year. E)had come to dominate the South's economy.

B

During the 1840s, advances in journalism included all of the following EXCEPT the Multiple choice question. A)creation of a national cooperative news-gathering organization. B)technological means to reproduce photographs in newsprint. C)invention of the steam cylinder rotary press. D)introduction of the telegraph system. E)dramatic growth of mass-circulation newspapers.

B

Early American Victorian homes were characterized by Multiple choice question. A)spare and simple designs that emphasized natural light. B)dark colors, and rooms crowded with heavy furniture. C)small rooms, and a reduction in total living space. D)all members of a family sharing one bedroom. E)a lack of parlors and dining rooms.

B

For most American farmers, the 1840s and 1850s were a period of Multiple choice question. A)economic decline, as more people moved to urban centers. B)rising prosperity, due to increased world demand for farm products. C)extreme economic highs and lows brought on by volatile changes in demand. D)economic growth in the West but decline in the East. E)increasing economic connections between the North and South.

B

In 1850, outside of the United States, slavery in the Western Hemisphere also existed in Multiple choice question. A)Colombia. B)Brazil. C)the Virgin Islands. D)Haiti. E)no other country.

B

In 1860, the percentage of the population in the South living in towns (places of 2,500 or more) or cities (8,000 or more) was Multiple choice question.A)5 percent.B)10 percent.C)15 percent.D)20 percent.E)33 percent.

B

By 1860, factories in the United States Multiple choice question. A)were concentrated in the Northeast. B)produced goods whose total value greatly exceeded the nation's agricultural output. C)employed one-third of the nation's manufacturing labor force. D)were concentrated in the Northeast and employed one-third of the nation's manufacturing labor force. E)None of these answers is correct.

A

In 1860, the typical white male American of the Old Northwest (today's Midwest) was Multiple choice question. A)the owner of a family farm. B)a marginal farmer. C)a farmhand who did not own his own land. D)an industrial worker. E)an urban artisan.

A

In the 1820s and 1830s, railroads Multiple choice question. A)played a relatively small role in the nation's transportation system. B)standardized both the gauge of tracks and timetables. C)saw their greatest development in the southern slave states. D)became the dominant form of transportation in the nation. E)had not yet been constructed in America.

A

In the 1840s, the dominant immigrant group in New England textile mills was the Multiple choice question. A)Irish. B)Germans. C)English. D)Italians. E)Chinese.

A

In the late 1850s, many of the great landholders of the lower South were Multiple choice question. A)still first-generation settlers. B)part of a wealthy leisure class. C)from longstanding aristocratic families. D)rooted to one plantation for many generations. E)former Old World aristocrats that emigrated from Europe.

A

Most American industry remained wedded to the most traditional source of power, which was Multiple choice question. A)water. B)kerosene. C)coal. D)gasoline. E)wood.

A

Most white southerners owned Multiple choice question. A)no slaves. B)one slave. C)two slaves. D)three to five slaves. E)six to ten slaves.

A

One actual slave revolt that resulted in numerous white deaths in the nineteenth-century South was led by Multiple choice question. A)Nat Turner. B)Denmark Vesey. C)Gabriel Prosser. D)Frederick Douglass. E)Harriet Tubman.

A

Prior to 1860, perhaps the most significant invention for middle-class American homes was the Multiple choice question. A)cast-iron stove. B)air conditioner. C)icebox. D)electric iron. E)telegraph.

A

Prior to 1860, the social institution that most bound together rural Americans was the Multiple choice question. A)church. B)tavern. C)town hall. D)grocery store. E)schoolhouse.

A

Short-staple cotton Multiple choice question. A)helped to keep the South a predominantly agricultural region. B)was less coarse than long-staple cotton. C)was easier to process than long-staple cotton. D)was more susceptible to disease than long-staple cotton. E)was only grown in the coastal regions of the upper South.

A

The "Know-Nothing" movement was partially directed at reducing the influence of Multiple choice question.A)Catholics.B)abolitionists.C)Democrats.D)Jews.E)free blacks.

A

The Massachusetts court case of Commonwealth v. Hunt (1842) declared that Multiple choice question. A)labor unions were lawful organizations. B)labor strikes were illegal. C)child labor laws were unconstitutional. D)minimum wage laws were a restraint on trade. E)unions must admit working women as members.

A

The New Orleans magazine publisher, James B. D. De Bow, championed Multiple choice question. A)southern economic independence from the North. B)southern commercial and agricultural growth. C)closer economic ties with the North. D)southern economic independence from the North, and southern commercial and agricultural growth. E)closer economic ties with the North, and southern commercial and agricultural growth.

A

The commercial and industrial growth in the United States prior to 1860 resulted in Multiple choice question. A)increasing disparities in income between the rich and poor. B)a significant rise in income for nearly all Americans. C)decreasing disparities in income between the rich and poor. D)a significant decrease in income for nearly all Americans. E)None of these answers is correct.

A

The early union movement among skilled artisans Multiple choice question. A)was weakened by the Panic of 1837. B)was generally supported by state governments. C)attempted to create one collective national trade union. D)welcomed working women as members. E)was strengthened by the influx of immigrant laborers.

A

The slave codes of the American South Multiple choice question. A)defined anyone with a trace of African ancestry as black. B)legalized slave marriages. C)were rigidly enforced. D)considered it a crime for an owner to kill a slave. E)banned blacks from attending church.

A

Though the trade and sale of slaves continued to be legal inside the U.S. until the Civil War, the "slave trade," the importation of slaves from Africa or any other foreign locale, was made illegal in Multiple choice question. A)1808. B)1809. C)1812. D)1815. E)None of these answers is correct.

A

Ways in which slaves expressed elements of their African heritage included Multiple choice question. A)singing songs and playing musical instruments, such as the banjo. B)keeping family diaries and other written personal records. C)wearing clothing that incorporated traditional African designs or colors. D)speaking in their native African languages when out of the presence of whites. E)celebrating traditional African feasts and rites of passage, in defiance of white law.

A

Which of the following statements about the poorest class of white southerners is FALSE? Multiple choice question. A)They often felt affinity with slaves as members of another oppressed class. B)They were known variously as "crackers" or "sand hillers." C)They supported themselves by foraging or hunting. D)They suffered from pellagra, hookworm, and malaria. E)They were forced to resort at times to eating clay.

A

Most "plain folk" of the Old South Multiple choice question. A)owned at least one slave. B)were never able to move into the planter class. C)were passionately antislavery. D)were subsistence farmers who owned at least one slave. E)were subsistence farmers who were passionately antislavery.

B

Most enslaved blacks lived Multiple choice question. A)on small farms. B)on medium- to large-sized plantations. C)in urban areas. D)in rigidly-controlled circumstances. E)in Virginia and the Carolinas.

B

Prior to 1860, hostility among native-born Americans toward immigrants was spurred, in part, by Multiple choice question.A)the refusal by immigrants to adapt to American culture.B)fears of political radicalism.C)the ability of immigrants to command high wages.D)concerns that immigrants generally did not participate in politics.E)the effect they had on the falling price of African slaves.

B

Prior to 1860, southern women differed from northern women in that they Multiple choice question. A)tended to have more formal education. B)were expected to be more subordinate to men. C)had fewer children. D)generally had a lesser engagement in the economic life of the family. E)were more likely to take a role in public activities.

B

Rice and sugar production in the antebellum South Multiple choice question. A)had short growing seasons. B)were concentrated in a relatively small geographic area. C)had difficulty sustaining profits for growers. D)was in considerable decline by the 1850s. E)threatened to overwhelm cotton production in the lower South.

B

The name given to the effort by whites and blacks to help runaway slaves escape was the Multiple choice question. A)Frederick Douglass road. B)underground railroad. C)Fugitive Slave Act. D)Cumberland passage. E)Second Middle Passage.

B

Tobacco cultivation in the antebellum South Multiple choice question. A)was easy on the soil. B)was gradually moving westward. C)enjoyed a stable market. D)was centered in the lower South. E)never made a profit.

B

When the Lowell factory system began, Multiple choice question. A)craftsmen were part of the production system. B)workers were fairly well paid and lived in supervised dormitories. C)workers had few benefits outside of a set wage scale. D)the workday ended when production quotas were met. E)workers rarely stopped working in the mills until retirement

B

Which of the following statements regarding urban slavery is FALSE? Multiple choice question. A)Some urban slaves were skilled trade workers. B)Urban slaves were prohibited from having contact with free blacks. C)Urban slaves were less supervised than rural slaves. D)Urban slaves in the South had little working competition from European immigrants. E)The line between slavery and freedom in cities was less distinct.

B

As the factory system progressed into the 1840s, Multiple choice question. A)wages rose, while working hours increased to ten hours. B)female workers staged a successful strike for better living conditions. C)the owners increasingly used immigrants as their labor force. D)a paternalistic management system was developed. E)many mill girls moved into management roles in the factory system.

C

Before the 1830s, American corporations could be chartered only by Multiple choice question. A)an act of Congress. B)presidential executive order. C)state legislatures. D)a public vote. E)a state governor.

C

Between 1840 and 1860, the American South's slave population Multiple choice question. A)could not meet the South's labor needs. B)changed little. C)dramatically shifted into the Southwest. D)declined in overall numbers. E)became concentrated in the upper South.

C

By 1860, the energy for industrialization in the United States increasingly came from Multiple choice question. A)water. B)kerosene. C)coal. D)gasoline. E)wood.

C

In 1860, the percentage of the population in free states living in towns (places of 2,500 people or more) or cities (8,000 or more) was Multiple choice question. A)7 percent. B)13 percent. C)26 percent. D)39 percent. E)42 percent.

C

In the 1840s, P. T. Barnum's American Museum in New York showcased Multiple choice question. A)nature and natural history. B)American artists. C)human oddities. D)past American leaders and heroes. E)European artists.

C

Perhaps the single strongest unifying factor of pre-Civil War southern whites was their Multiple choice question. A)kinship relationships. B)contempt of northern capitalism. C)perception of white racial superiority. D)fear of federal authority. E)intense national pride

C

Prior to 1860, American urban society Multiple choice question. A)considered the conspicuous display of wealth to be poor social behavior. B)saw wealthy people move toward the outer edges of cities. C)included a substantial number of destitute poor. D)saw Irish immigrants have fewer rights than free blacks. E)None of these answers is correct.

C

Prior to 1860, class conflict in the United States Multiple choice question. A)increased as most of the working class dropped down the economic ladder. B)increased as the size of the middle class decreased. C)was limited by a high degree of mobility within the working class. D)decreased as immigration diversified society. E)increased as a result of geographical mobility.

C

Prior to 1860, southern white women Multiple choice question. A)had about the same access to education as northern white women. B)were not expected to engage in manual labor, whatever their social standing. C)generally lived lives that were isolated from the wider world. D)had a birth rate that was lower than the national average. E)were more likely to see their children grow to adulthood than northern white women.

C

Prior to 1860, the fastest-growing segment in American society was the Multiple choice question. A)slaves. B)very poor. C)middle class. D)well-to-do. E)very rich.

C

The central ideology of slavery, and the vital instrument of white control, was Multiple choice question. A)fraternity. B)maternalism. C)paternalism. D)sorority. E)egalitarianism.

C

The growth of commerce and industry allowed more Americans the chance to become prosperous without Multiple choice question. A)a professional education. B)producing a product or service. C)owning land. D)capital. E)marrying.

C

The historian who wrote "The South [prior to the Civil War] grew, but did not develop" meant that Multiple choice question. A)the southern population increased, but new technology had bypassed the region. B)agriculture remained the leading industry of the South, but the plantation system was declining. C)the South had failed to move from an agrarian to an industrial economy. D)the South had expanded as a geographic region but had developed little prosperity. E)the South had created a prosperous plantation system but had not expanded its borders.

C

When emancipation came after the Civil War, it was often the ________ who were the first to leave the plantation of their former owners. Multiple choice question. A)field hands B)head drivers C)house servants D)subdrivers E)craftsmen

C

Which of the following is true of American slave families in the antebellum South? Multiple choice question. A)A child of a slave could not be sold after he or she had reached three years of age. B)Blacks typically had weaker family ties than did whites, due to the uncertainties of their lives. C)Up to one-third of families were broken apart by the sale of family members. D)Most slaves who ran away did so to avoid punishment. E)Newly arrived slaves to a plantation were often shunned by the black community

C

Which of the following is true of the differences between canal and turnpike transportation? Multiple choice question. A)Canal transportation was generally developed before turnpike transportation. B)Canal construction was less expensive than turnpike construction. C)Canal boats could haul vastly larger loads than could turnpike transports. D)State governments gave little financial support to canal transportation. E)Pennsylvania was the first to finance canal construction.

C

Which of the following statements about the southern aristocratic ideal is FALSE? Multiple choice question. A)Wealthy southern whites adopted an elaborate code of "chivalry." B)Dueling became a prominent facet of southern planter life. C)Wealthy southern whites prided themselves on their egalitarianism. D)Wealthy southern whites pretended to avoid such "coarse" occupations as trade and commerce. E)Wealthy southern whites often gravitated toward the military.

C

A runaway slave making a successful escape from the American South was Multiple choice question. A)highly likely. B)likely. C)unlikely. D)highly unlikely. E)impossible.

D

All the following factors inhibited the growth of labor unions EXCEPT Multiple choice question. A)the large number of immigrant workers. B)the political strength of industrial capitalists. C)ethnic divisions among workers. D)the question of whether to include women members. E)a lack of labor union size sufficient to stage successful strikes.

D

Before 1860, American middle-class families Multiple choice question. A)were typically renters. B)rarely employed servants. C)usually saw women holding part-time employment outside of the home. D)became the most influential cultural form of urban America. E)had to cook their meals over an open hearth.

D

Before 1860, the development of machine tools by the United States government resulted in the Multiple choice question. A)turret lathe. B)universal milling machine. C)precision grinder. D)turret lathe, universal milling machine, and precision grinder. E)None of these answers is correct.

D

Compared to 1800, in 1860 urban American families Multiple choice question. A)had a rising birth rate. B)were less likely to see their children leave home in search of work. C)were less likely to see income earners work outside the home. D)had a declining birth rate. E)None of these answers is correct

D

During the first half of the nineteenth century, the "cotton kingdom" Multiple choice question. A)was already losing ground to other staples, such as rice and tobacco. B)saw wealthy planters outnumber small planters. C)did not rely on large numbers of slaves imported directly from Africa. D)was the dominant source of the income of the lower South. E)still had not adopted the cotton gin, despite the time and resources that could be saved.

D

In most parts of the North, before the Civil War, free blacks could Multiple choice question. A)vote. B)attend public schools. C)use public services available to whites. D)compete for menial jobs. E)All these answers are correct.

D

In the 1830s, Cyrus McCormick improved grain farming when he patented his Multiple choice question. A)tractor. B)thresher. C)plow. D)reaper. E)mower.

D

In the 1850s, the southern social theorist George Fitzhugh wrote that women Multiple choice question. A)had an obligation to speak their minds. B)should be the manager of home affairs, while men managed business affairs. C)possessed as many rights as men. D)were like children. E)None of these answers is correct.

D

In the American slave family, Multiple choice question. A)most couples did not formally marry. B)black women typically began bearing children later than white women. C)premarital pregnancy was uncommon. D)extended kinship networks were strong and important. E)premarital cohabitation was frowned upon.

D

Of the following, the most common form of resistance to slavery was Multiple choice question. A)group rebellions. B)arson. C)running away. D)subtle defiance. E)poisoning.

D

Prior to 1860, free blacks in the South Multiple choice question. A)were concentrated in the Deep South. B)were required by law to leave the South. C)increased in number in the 1850s, as laws encouraged owners to free "surplus" slaves. D)occasionally attained wealth and prominence and owned slaves themselves. E)avoided urban centers such as New Orleans or Natchez, where they might attract attention.

D

Southern, white, lower-class resentment of the aristocratic system was most likely to be found in Multiple choice question. A)the cities. B)river and ocean port towns. C)the upper South. D)the mountain regions. E)the Deep South.

D

The "peculiar institution" was a southern reference to Multiple choice question. A)the plantation. B)manufacturing. C)capitalism. D)slavery. E)democracy.

D

The Erie Canal was Multiple choice question. A)limited to flat land. B)built entirely by private investors. C)built without either locks or gates. D)a tremendous financial success. E)a great boon to the growth of Philadelphia.

D

The main staple crop of the Old Northwest (today's Midwest) was Multiple choice question. A)barley. B)soy. C)corn. D)wheat. E)cotton.

D

The republican vision in the United States included the tradition of the Multiple choice question. A)skilled artisan. B)yeoman farmer. C)industrial entrepreneur. D)skilled artisan and the yeoman farmer. E)yeoman farmer and the industrial entrepreneur.

D

Which city did NOT owe its growth to the Great Lakes? Multiple choice question.A)MilwaukeeB)ChicagoC)ClevelandD)CincinnatiE)Buffalo

D

Within the American South, the institution of slavery Multiple choice question. A)isolated blacks and whites from each other. B)created a unique bond between masters and slaves. C)encouraged blacks to develop a society and culture of their own. D)created a unique bond between masters and slaves, while isolating blacks and whites from each other and encouraging blacks to develop a society and culture of their own. E)None of these answers is correct.

D

All of the following statements regarding American leisure activities prior to 1860 are true EXCEPT that Multiple choice question. A)men gravitated to taverns for drinking, talking, and game-playing. B)reading was a principle leisure activity among affluent Americans. C)minstrel shows were increasingly popular. D)popular tastes in public spectacle tended toward the bizarre and fantastic. E)unpaid vacations were becoming common among the middle class.

E

Between 1800 and 1830, immigration to the United States Multiple choice question.A)was the most significant factor in the nation's population growth.B)consisted mostly of people from southern Europe.C)was at its peak for the century.D)consisted mostly of people from Germany and Russia.E)was not a significant contributor to the national population.

E

By the time of the Civil War, cotton constituted nearly ________ of the total export trade of the United States. Multiple choice question. A)one-fourth B)one-tenth C)one-third D)half E)two-thirds

E

In the 1820s and 1830s, the labor force for factory work in the United States Multiple choice question. A)saw many skilled urban artisans move into factory jobs. B)consisted mostly of European immigrants. C)was reduced by dramatic improvements in agricultural production. D)consisted mostly of European immigrants, saw many skilled urban artisans move into factory jobs, and ultimately was reduced by dramatic improvements in agricultural production. E)None of these answers is correct.

E

In the 1830s, limited liability laws were developed in the United States, which Multiple choice question. A)protected the stockholders' full investment in a company. B)restricted the amount of capital a corporation could possess. C)prevented a corporation from being dominated by a small group of stockholders. D)protected corporations from liability lawsuits. E)meant stockholders could not be charged with losses greater than their investment

E

In the 1840s, John Deere introduced significant improvements to the Multiple choice question. A)tractor. B)thresher. C)cotton gin. D)reaper. E)plow.

E

Prior to 1860, affluent southern white women Multiple choice question. A)had created the most significant challenge to slavery in the South. B)occupied a significantly different role from their northern counterparts. C)commonly held income-producing jobs. D)typically played an important role in public activities. E)centered their lives in the home.

E

Prior to 1860, the center of economic power in the South Multiple choice question. A)was in Charleston, S.C. B)remained, as it had been, primarily within the upper South. C)remained, as it had been, primarily within the lower South. D)shifted from the lower South to the upper South. E)shifted from the upper South to the lower South.

E

QAfter 1852, the "Know-Nothings" created a new political organization called the Multiple choice question.A)Copperheads.B)Republican Party.C)Nativist Party.D)Libertarian Party.E)American Party.

E

Regarding religion, American slaves Multiple choice question. A)were expected to worship in black churches separate from whites. B)had mostly converted to Islam by the early nineteenth century. C)were usually not allowed to attend a church at all. D)shunned Christianity in favor of the polytheistic traditions of Africa. E)often incorporated African features into their Christianity.

E

Sexual relationships between white southern men and female slaves was Multiple choice question. A)virtually unheard of. B)against the law in all slave states. C)encouraged by proponents of slavery such as George Fitzhugh. D)an accepted cause for divorce in the southern court system. E)a common practice.

E

Southern whites who did not own slaves Multiple choice question. A)rarely married into the families living on large slave plantations. B)openly opposed the planter elite. C)were forced to move west to maintain a livelihood. D)generally opposed the institution of slavery. E)were largely dependent on the plantation economy

E

The South may have failed to develop a large industrial economy due to all the following factors EXCEPT Multiple choice question. A)the humid climate. B)little access to liquid capital. C)the profitability of cotton. D)cultural values. E)a shortage of labor.

E

The great majority of Irish immigrants settled in the Multiple choice question.A)rural North.B)western territories.C)southern cities.D)rural South.E)eastern cities.

E

The rise of the American factory system Multiple choice question. A)complemented the nation's traditional republican ideals. B)resulted in a rise in the status of skilled artisans among consumers. C)saw the government act to maintain the trades of skilled artisans. D)led some northerners to advocate repealing abolition. E)led to the creation of skilled workingmen's craft societies.

E

To "manumit" means to Multiple choice question. A)purchase. B)punish. C)work by hand. D)deny. E)set free.

E

Which of the following statements regarding American railroads in the 1850s is FALSE? Multiple choice question. A)Railroads helped weaken the connection between the Northwest and the South. B)Most railroad "trunk lines" were reduced or eliminated. C)Long distance rail lines weakened the dependence of the West on the Mississippi River. D)Chicago was the railroad center of the West. E)Private investors provided nearly all the capital for rail development

E

Which of the following statements regarding slave life is true? Multiple choice question. A)Slaves had to grow all of their own food. B)Slaves were not given medical care except by their own efforts. C)Slave children did no work until they turned twelve years old. D)It was uncommon to divide slave families for long periods of time. E)After 1808, the proportion of blacks to whites in the nation steadily declined.

E