Chapter 10 - Economic Development and Change: pages 314-329 (Knox)
Around how may people die of malaria every year?
1 million
How much more energy is used by industrialized countries compared to developing countries?
10 times more (on per capita basis)
Around what % of sub-Saharan children do not live to their 5th birthday?
14%
Approximately how many billion people are undernourished?
2 billion
How many estimated people lack basic sanitation?
2.6 billion
How many calories is considered the minimum necessary daily consumption level?
2350
Around what % of practicing physicians in the US are from abroad?
25%
Around what % of infant and child deaths in developing countries are preventable?
90%
According to Figure 10.11, what two countries in Asia have the lowest adult literacy rate?
Afghanistan, Bangladesh
According to figure 10.12, what two countries in Asia have the lowest % of population with access to safe drinking water?
Afghanistan, Papua New Guinea
In what 4 areas is the informal economy vital to the livelihoods of many workers?
Africa, Asia, Latin America, the Caribbean
What regions have made the most improvements in reducing hunger levels?
East Asia, Southeast Asia, Latin America
According to figure 10.12, what two countries in Africa have the highest % of population with access to safe drinking water?
Egypt, Botswana
What is the poorest country in the Western Hemisphere?
Haiti
According to Figure 10.8, what 6 countries in Asia has a greater than 60% of the workforce engaged in agriculture?
Laos, Cambodia, Burma, Nepal, Papua New Guinea, Afghanistan
According to figure 10.12, what two countries in the Western Hemisphere have the lowest % of population with access to safe drinking water?
Mauritania, Sierra Leone
What regions have seen an increase in chronically undernourished people?
Middle East, South Asia, sub-Saharan Africa
Looking at Figure 10.9, what 4 continents have the lowest % of children under 5 that are malnourished?
North America, South America, Europe, Australia
According to Figure 10.2, what Brazilian city generates over 1/3 of the national income?
Sao Paulo
In what region are half the world's undernourished children found?
South Asia
A high percentage of employment in _________ is associated with underdevelopment.
agriculture
What sector has many development programs focused on commercializing?
agriculture
The loss of developing country's most educated citizens as they emigrate in search of better educational and career opportunities in developed countries:
brain drain
How does Japan acquire most of its energy?
by importing energy supplies abroad
What are the 3 chief killers in MDCs?
cancer, heart attacks, strokes
When a labor force is primarily engaged in subsistence agriculture, what is there a limited amount of?
capital accumulation and national economic growth
What do many women in LDCs often spend hours a day doing that people in MDCs don't?
carry water for families
What is believed to lower birth rates, improve family health practices, and extend life expectancy?
closing gender gap
According to Table 10.1, has the absolute disparity between the North and the South increased or decreased between 1960 and 2004?
decreased
The process of growth, expansion, or realization of potential; bringing regional resources into full productive use:
development
Urbanization, modernization, and improvement in levels of material production and consumption:
development
What kind of diseases kills an estimated 1.4 million children each year?
diarrheal diseases
What increases vulnerability to infections?
dietary insufficiency
Discussions of development tend to begin with __________.
economic measures
What causes many water-borne diarrheal diseases such as cholera, dysentery, and typhoid fever?
fecal contamination
What is the ultimate indicator of economic well-being?
food
Refers to the situation wherein every person has access to safe and nutritious food of sufficient quantity for an active and healthy lifestyle:
food security
What is the primary measure used by the World Bank to gauge economic performance?
gross national income
The total value of goods and services produced per year at home or abroad by domestically-owned interests within a country:
gross national income (GNI)
__________ educational or income levels are usually associated with _________ infant mortality, birth, and death rates.
higher, lower
What is animate energy?
human and animal labor
What are the 3 deadly, dangerous types of diseases to youthful populations in LDCs?
infectious, respiratory, and parasitic diseases made more serious by malnutrition
That part of a national economy that involves productive labor not subject to formal systems of control or payment, such as taxation; economic activity or individual enterprise operating without official recognition or measured by official statistics:
informal economy
What are some solutions to malaria?
insecticide-treated mosquito nets, insecticide spraying, and anti-malarial drugs
The relationship between social-economic and demographic variables is usually ___________.
inverse
What 3 things are positive about traditional subsistence agriculture?
less damaging to environment, preserves traditional way of life, meets vital food needs of vulnerable poor households
What type of labor force is essential to take advantaged of advanced technology and to compete in the global economy?
literate, educated labor
What is a more frequent outcome of poverty than famines?
long-term chronic undernourishment
Is East Europe low, middle, or high income?
middle
Is Latin America low, middle, or high income?
middle
Looking at figure 10.15, is malaria found more in the low, middle or high latitudes?
middle
What does NIC stand for?
newly industrializing country
Is GNI per capita a good indicator of income distribution within a country?
no
In what part of Europe is GNI per capita highest?
northwestern
__________ consumption is common measure of advancement because it correlates with income, industrialization, and use of advanced technology.
per capita energy
A measurement of a country's wealth that takes account of what money actually buys in the country:
purchasing power parity (PPP)
What are the 2 major causes of undernourishment?
rising food prices and poverty
There is a close relationship between economic and _______ measures of development.
social
Looking at figure 10.15, what part of sub-Saharan Africa has the highest AIDS prevalence?
south
What 3 regions have a severe shortage of doctors?
sub-Saharan Africa, Central America, South Asian countries
Like other national indicators, caloric intake figures must be viewed with __________.
suspicion
The contrast between the technology available in developed core regions and that present in peripheral areas of underdevelopment?
technology gap
The diffusion to or acquisition by one culture or region of the technology possessed by another, usually more developed, society?
technology transfer
In the modern world there is a widespread sharing of what 3 things?
technology, organizational forms, and cultural traits
A level of economic growth and social achievement below what could be reached were necessary capital and technology available:
underdevelopment
Where do trained health professionals in developing countries tend to congregate?
urban areas
In what part of a country are problems of water and sanitation most pronounced?
urban slums and rural areas
Do public schools in LDCs have tuition?
yes
