Chapter 10

Name two viruses used in gene therapy.

1) Type 1 diabetes parenthesis, insulin. 2)cancer

List and describe three products produced through recombinant DNA technology.

1) Vaccines for diseases. 2) hormones for human growth. 3) Immune treatments to cure cancer.

Describe two scenarios in which genetic information can be manipulated in order to accomplish goals to benefit human beings.

1) fixing genetic mutations to treat disease. 2) Utilizing DNA to identify a suspect in a crime.

DNA can be cut into smaller pieces by using enzymes called ________ ________.

Restriction Enzymes

True/False: PCR uses specialized DNA polymerase adapted to high temperatures.

True

List and describe two cloning vectors and two cloning hosts.

Vectors: one example is plasmids which are small, well characterized, and easy to manipulate. another example is bacteriophage which inject DNA into the host by transduction. Hosts are bacterium and yeasts which have a fast growth rate and can be grown in large quantities.

________ therapy describes gene therapy introduced to an egg, sperm, or embryo.

germline gene therapy

Gene expression can be silenced using ________.

m i RNA

A ________ allows scientists to view gene expression in any given cell.

microarray

Transgenic sheep and goats produce human proteins in their ________.

milk or semen

Proteome analysis studies the _______ that are produced by the cell at any given moment.

proteins

DNA profiling depends on ________ enzymes.

restriction

cDNA is produced using the enzyme ________ ________.

reverse transcriptase

In 2010, Craig Venter produced a ________ from the four nucleotides of DNA.

self-replicating bacterium

Describe the steps involved in whole-genome shotgun sequencing.

step 1 organism genome broken down, step 2 fragments separated through gel electrophoresis, step 3 fragments are inserted into plasmid and cloned into an e.coli cell.

What is the difference between basic science and applied science?

there is no product derived or application in basic science. Applied science is when there are applications from basic research.

A cell controls _______ as well as transcription.

translation

True/False: Naked DNA is often used in gene therapy.

true

_______ genomes provide a complete understanding of cell function, disease development, and other issues.

well-annotated