Chapter 10, Pharm Chapter 10 Practice Quiz
Patients receiving warfarin should be monitored for which of the following possible side effects? I. Blood in the urine or stool II. Nosebleeds III. Petechiae a. I and II b. I and III c. II and III d. I, II, and III
d. I, II, and III
Which of the following antihypertensive agents should be selected for a patient with hypokalemia? a. Bumex b. Lasix c. Diuril d. Aldactone
d. Aldactone
Which of the following conditions causes a decrease in blood pressure? a. Increased cardiac output b. Normal heart rate c. Increased stroke volume d. Decreased total peripheral resistance
d. Decreased total peripheral resistance
Aspirin, when used to disrupt the clotting mechanism, is classified as ________________ drug.
an antiplatelet
A hypertensive agent that blocks alpha 1 receptors in both arterioles and veins is: a. Catapres. b. Cardura. c. Inderal. d. Tenormin.
b. Cardura.
A vessel that requires minimal work to dilate to receive an increased volume of blood, resulting in systolic pressure, is said to have increased: a. Preload. b. Compliance. c. Perfusion. d. Resistance.
b. Compliance.
Which anticoagulant agent must be given via the parenteral route? a. Warfarin b. Heparin c. Coumadin d. Aspirin
b. Heparin
Which of the following is a side effect associated with giving ACE inhibitors to patients with decreased renal function? a. Peripheral edema b. Hyperkalemia c. Dizziness d. Reflex tachycardia
b. Hyperkalemia
In some patients, hypertension may occur because of which of the following? I. Excess sodium II. Potassium retention III. Defective baroreceptors a. I and II b. I and III c. II and III d. I, II, and III
b. I and III
Of the following, the class of diuretics that is beneficial in the treatment of acute pulmonary edema is: a. Thiazides b. Loop diuretics c. Potassium-sparing agents d. Calcium-channel blockers
b. Loop diuretics
Which of the following is a low-molecular-weight heparin? a. Fondaparinux b. Lovenox c. Refludan d. Warfarin
b. Lovenox
The primary autonomic mechanism for blood pressure homeostasis is the ________________.
baroreceptor reflex
Which of the following anticoagulants must be given the parenteral route A) Coumadin B) Aspirin C) Warfarin D) Heparin
D, Heparin
________________ agents used to treat hypertension are also effective for benign prostatic hypertrophy.
Alpha1 blocker
Cardiac output is determined by multiplying which two factors I. HR II. SV III. BSA IV. TPR A) I & II B) II & IV C) I & III D) III & IV
A, HR and SV
Of the following, which medication is considered a LMWH A) Lovenox B) Fondaparinux C) Warfarin D) Refludan
A, Lovenox
In which of the following ways can heparin NOT be administered A) Orally B) Subcutaneously C) IV infusion D) IV bolus
A, Orally
Anticoagulation therapy would be least appropriate for which of the following conditions A) Patients with ventricular fibrillation B) Patients with coronary artery disease C) Patients who have just received a mitral valve replacement D) Patients with a history of thrombosis
A, Patients with ventricular fibrillation
In some patients, hypertension may occur because which of the following: I. Decreased sodium II. Potassium retention III. Defective Baroreceptors A) II & III B) I, II, III C) I & II D) I & III
A, Potassium retention and defective Baroreceptors
Baroreceptors are sometimes also called A) Pressure sensors B) Compliant receptors C) Adrenergic receptors D) Nociceptors
A, Pressure sensors
The main resistance vessels are: A) arterioles B) capillaries C) veins D) venules
A, arterioles
Administering a direct-acting alpha 2-agonist will cause which of the following A) Blocking the release of NE B) Blocking the release of ACh C) NE release D) Increased sympathetic activity
A, blocking of the release of NE
An existing clot can be dissolved by the administration of which of the following medications A) Fibrinolytic B) Diuretic C) Antiplatelets D) Anticoagulant
A, fibrinolytic
Angiotensin I is converted to angiotensin II at which site A) Lungs B) Pancreas C) Kidneys D) Liver
A, lungs
Which is NOT expected to be associated with untreated hypertension that leads to target organ disease A) prostatic hypertrophy B) Retinopathy C) Left ventricular hypertrophy D) Peripheral vascular disease
A, prostatic hypertrophy
Which of the following fibrinolytic agents are no longer commercially available A) Streptokinase B) Tenecteplase C) Reteplase D) Altelase
A, streptokinase
Due to inadequate renal function, a patient may experience which of the following after ACE inhibitor administration A) Dizziness B) Reflex tachycardia C) Peripheral edema D) Hyperkalemia
D, Hyperkalemia
Pulmonary vascular resistance can be lowered with the administration of which of the following types of diuretics A) Potassium-sparing diuretics B) Calcium-channel blockers C) Thiazides D) Loop diuretics
D, Loop diuretics
Explain the difference between anticoagulants, antiplatelets, and thrombolytics.
Anticoagulants are agents that are used to prevent the formation of fibrin in the clotting mechanism. Antiplatelets inhibit the aggregation and release of thromboplastin. Thrombolytics are agents that actually dissolve and liquefy the fibrin of an existing clot.
A fibrin clot can be broken down by: A) Aspirin B) Activase C) Heparin D) Plavix
B, Activase
Which diuretic should be administered to a patient who is hypokalemic A) Diuril B) Aldactone C) Bumex D) Lasix
B, Aldactone
Regulation of which system keeps the airways and blood vessels in balance A) Peripheral nervous system B) Autonomic nervous system C) Central nervous system D) Somatic system
B, Autonomic nervous system
Of those listed, which is not an ACE inhibitor A) Anlapril B) Verapamil C) Benazapril D) Catopril
B, Verapamil
If blood vessels dilate and readily receive more volume, the vessels have experienced an increase in their A) Afterload B) Compliance C) Preload D) Resistance
B, compliance
When thrombin is in the presence of which of the following, a clot is formed A) Vitamin K B) Fibrinogen C) Prothrombin D) Thromboplastin
B, fibrinogen
Caution should be used when administering beta blockers for patients with which of the following conditions A) Heart failure B) Insulin-dependent diabetes C) Left ventricular hypertrophy D) Coronary artery disease
B, insulin-dependent diabetes
What is the initial therapy for someone who is hypertensive but denies symptoms A) Beta-blockers B) Lifestyle modification C) ACE inhibitors D) Diuretic therapy
B, lifestyle modification
The suffix associated with beta blockers is which of the following A) -ine B) -one C) -lol D) -sin
C, -lol
Which of the following helps inhibit the release of Thromboplastin A) Anticoagulants B) Thrombolytics C) Antiplatelets D) Fibrinolytics
C, Antiplatelets
In addition to treating hypertension, which of the following medications can also be used for treatment of nicotine withdrawal A) Inderal B) Tenormin C) Catapres D) Tenex
C, Catapres
Nicotine withdrawal can also be treated with which of the following medications A) Metoprolol B) Prazosin C) Clonidine D) Doxazosin
C, Clonidine
What is the best treatment method for hypertension, if possible A) ACE inhibitors B) Anticoagulants C) Diet / exercise D) Calcium-channel blockers
C, Diet / exercise
Dosage changes for heparin should be facilitated by A) Vitamin K levels B) INR C) PTT lab tests D) Urine output
C, PTT lab tests
Diuretic therapy aimed at sparing calcium would cause which of the following classes of medications to be chosen A) Potassium-sparing diuretics B) Calcium-channel blockers C) Thiazides D) Loop diuretics
C, Thiazides
Which of the following occurs as a result of the presence of NO A) Anemia B) Bronchoconstriction C) Vasodilation D) Vasoconstriction
C, Vasodilation
If SVR increases, the left ventricle has experienced an increase in which of the following A) Compliance B) Refractory C) Afterload D) Preload
C, afterload
Future clotting is prevented by the administration of which of the following medications A) Calcium-channel blocker B) ACE inhibitor C) Anticoagulant D) Fibrinolytic
C, anticoagulant
Capacitance vessels are considered to be which of the following types of vessels A) arterioles B) capillaries C) systemic veins D) arteries
C, systemic veins
Alpha-1 stimulation results in which of the following A) Bronchoconstriction B) Bronchodilation C) Vasoconstriction D) Vasodilation
C, vasoconstriction
The administration of Cardiogenic agents will result in all of the following EXCEPT: A) Increased HR B) Increased BP C) Vasoconstriction D) Increased cardiac contraction
C, vasoconstriction
Which of the following occurs due to angiotensin II A) Bronchodilation B) Bronchoconstriction C) Vasoconstriction D) Vasodilation
C, vasoconstriction
Prostacyclin will cause which of the following effects A) Bronchodilation B) Bonchoconstriction C) Vasodilation D) Vasoconstriction
C, vasodilation
Patients receiving warfarin should be monitored for which of the following possible side effects I. Blood in urine/stool II. Nasal congestion III. Petechiae A) II & III B) I, II, III C) I & II D) I & III
D, Blood in urine/stool and petechiae
Beta-blockers and alpha 1 and alpha 2 are listed below. Which is an alpha 1 blocker A) Inderal B) Tenormin C) Catapres D) Cardura
D, Cardura
Which medication is given to help regulate BP, but won't be administered in a hypertensive crisis A) Diovan B) Nitropress C) Catapres D) Cardura
D, Cardura
Which anticoagulant is that of a LMWH (Low-molecular weight heparins) A) Lepirudin B) Warfarin C) Fondaparinux D) Enoxaparin
D, Enoxaparin
Inspra is an example of which of the following diuretics, which have their action on the late distal tubule A) Thizaide diuretics B) Lasix C) Loop diuretics D) Potassium-sparing diuretics
D, Potassium-sparing diuretics
Which of the following is not a sympatholytic agent A) Propranolol B) Labetalol C) Atenolol D) Salmeterol
D, Salmeterol
One should expect which of the following upon stimulation of the alpha-2 receptor I. Vasoconstriction II. Vasodilation III. Prevention of NE release A) II B) III C) I & II D) II & III
D, Vasodilation and Prevention of NE release
When a vessel receives an increase in blood volume, which of the following allows the increase in blood volume A) perfusion B) resistance C) preload D) compliance
D, compliance
A drop in blood pressure is expected with which of the following A) increased SV B) Decreased total peripheral resistance C) Increased cardiac output D) Normal HR
D, normal HR
Nitric oxide could decrease right ventricle afterload and increase which of the following in regard to the left ventricle A) Compliance B) Refractory C) Afterload D) Preload
D, preload
Which of the following is caused by Endothelin A) Bronchodilation B) Bronchoconstriction C) Vasodilation D) Vasoconstriction
D, vasoconstriction
T / F: ACE Inhibitors have no effect against blood pressure
False
T / F: ACE inhibitors should be administered in patients with shock
False
T / F: Afterload is the amount of volume in the ventricle just before contraction
False
T / F: Angiotensin I is converted to Angiotensin II in splenic circulation
False
T / F: Angiotensin II does NOT cause vasoconstriction
False
T / F: Arterioles are NOT considered resistant vessels
False
T / F: Baroreceptors detect chemical changes
False
T / F: Beta-blockers are only given to individuals with breathing problems
False
T / F: Calcium-channel blockers will increase the overall force of cardiac contraction
False
T / F: Cardiac output and heart rate are determinants of stroke volume
False
T / F: Clonidine cannot be used with the treatment of withdrawal symptoms due to smoking cessation
False
T / F: Endothelin is a vasodilator
False
T / F: Left ventricular afterload is increased with a decrease in systemic systemic vascular resistance
False
T / F: Nitric oxide is a vasoconstrictor
False
T / F: Prostacyclin is a vasoconstrictor
False
T / F: The blood vessels are controlled by the somatic nervous system
False
T / F: Veins are NOT considered capacitance vessels
False
True or False? Labetelol is an alpha blocker that is used for the maintenance of hypertension.
False
True or False? Orthostatic hypotension may occur when blood pressure rises abruptly as the patient moves from a sitting to a standing position.
False
True or False? Stimulation of alpha 2 receptors found mainly within blood vessels causes vasoconstriction.
False
True or False? Stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system results in decreased venous tone, decreased heart rate, and contractility of the heart.
False
What is the purpose of using heparin in IV lines or central venous and arterial catheters, and what might occur without heparinized solutions at these sites?
Heparin is used as an anticoagulant when IV lines, central venous catheters, or arterial lines are in place to prevent the formation of clotting around and within the insertion site. If clots were allowed to form at these sites, injection or infusion would not be possible, and the potential for a formed clot to break away and move throughout the bloodstream would put the patient at risk for pulmonary embolism.
When is hypertension considered an emergency, and how should it be treated?
Hypertension is considered an emergency when neurological symptoms are present along with elevated blood pressure. Treat with a fast-acting antihypertensive such as nitroprusside sodium or diazoxide.
What is meant by loop diuretics?
Loop diuretics increase the excretion of sodium and water at the proximal and distal tubules of the loop of Henle in the kidneys.
T / F: ACE inhibitors can be given in conjunction with ARBs
True
T / F: Cozaar is an example of an ARB
True
T / F: Heart failure patients may require diuresis
True
T / F: Lorpressor is an antiadrenergic
True
T / F: Prazosin is a peripheral-acting sympatholytic
True
T / F: Spironolactone (Aldactone) is a potassium-depleting diuretic
True
T / F: Where there is no apparent cause for an increase in blood pressure, it is called essential hypertension
True
True or False? A side effect of using minoxidil in the treatment of hypertension is hypertrichosis.
True
True or False? All diuretics increase salt and water excretion, but their effect on other ions depends on the diuretic.
True
True or False? An increase in either total peripheral resistance or cardiac output causes an increase in blood pressure.
True
True or False? Loop diuretics have a shorter duration of action than thiazide diuretics.
True
True or False? The constriction of arterioles causes an increase in afterload and systemic vascular resistance.
True
True or False? Thromboplastin formation requires the presence of vitamin K.
True
_______________ is an anticoagulant that is administered orally.
Warfarin
Which of the following drugs used to treat hypertension is also used to treat nicotine withdrawal? a. Clonidine b. Doxazosin c. Metoprolol d. Prazosin
a. Clonidine
To make dosage adjustments for heparin, which of the following should be monitored? a. PTT lab tests b. Urine output c. Vitamin K levels d. INR
a. PTT lab tests
Which of the following are vessels that have little musculature and are considered capacitance vessels? a. Systemic veins b. Arteries c. Arterioles d. Capillaries
a. Systemic veins
Which of the following classes of diuretics should be considered for a patient who has low levels of calcium? a. Thiazides b. Loop diuretics c. Potassium-sparing agents d. Calcium-channel blockers
a. Thiazides
Cardiotonic agents cause all of the following effects to occur except: a. Vasoconstriction. b. Increased cardiac contraction. c. Increased heart rate. d. Increased blood pressure.
a. Vasoconstriction.
Explain why beta 1 -selective blockers are preferred over nonselective beta blockers to treat hypertension in COPD patients.
because they do not block the beta 2 receptors found in the lungs.
The biggest complication from the administration of fibrinolytics is _______________.
bleeding
Which of the following vessels contain more vascular smooth muscle and are considered the main resistance vessels? a. Veins b. Venules c. Arterioles d. Capillaries
c. Arterioles
Direct-acting alpha 2 agonists used to treat hypertension cause which of the following to occur? a. Norepinephrine release b. Increased sympathetic activity c. Blocking of the release of norepinephrine d. Blocking of the release of acetylcholine
c. Blocking of the release of norepinephrine
All except which of the following can be given in an acute hypertensive emergency? a. Catapres b. Diazoxide c. Diovan d. Nitropress
c. Diovan
Heparin can be administered by all of the following routes except: a. IV infusion. b. IV bolus. c. Orally. d. Subcutaneously.
c. Orally.
Patients that would benefit from prophylactic administration of anticoagulants include all of the following except: a. Patients who have just received a mitral valve replacement. b. Patients with a history of thrombosis. c. Patients with a ventricular fibrillation. d. Patients with a coronary artery disease.
c. Patients with a ventricular fibrillation.
Untreated hypertension can lead to target organ disease that includes all the following except: a. Left ventricular hypertrophy. b. Peripheral vascular disease. c. Prostatic hypertrophy. d. Retinopathy.
c. Prostatic hypertrophy.
Which of the following thrombolytics is classified as a non-fibrin-specific agent? a. Alteplase b. Reteplase c. Streptokinase d. Tenecteplase
c. Streptokinase
Veins that have a large capacity to hold blood are considered ________________ vessels.
capacitance
Which of the following agents actually dissolves the fibrin of a clot? a. Heparin b. Plavix c. Aspirin d. Activase
d. Activase
Beta blockers should be used cautiously in patients with which of the following conditions? a. Left-ventricular hypertrophy b. Coronary artery disease c. Heart failure d. Insulin-dependent diabetes
d. Insulin-dependent diabetes
A patient that has a blood pressure of 138/85 mmHg and is asymptomatic should receive which of the following initial treatments? a. ACE inhibitors b. Diuretic therapy c. Beta blockers d. Lifestyle modification
d. Lifestyle modification
Drugs such as lepirudin are anticoagulants that are referred to as ______________ inhibitors.
direct thrombin
Hypertension in the majority of patients that occurs for unknown causes is referred to as ________________.
essential hypertension
Vasopressor and cardiotonic agents are used to treat _______________.
hypotension
Arterioles are the main ________________ vessels; they regulate the force against which the heart must pump.
resistance
Diuretics work by not allowing ________________ to be reabsorbed back into the peritubular capillary system.
sodium
Patients in _______________ blood pressure should be considered for two-drug combination therapy.
stage 2
Antihypertensive agents that affect alpha and beta receptors are referred to as ________________.
sympatholytic antihypertensives
Agents that dissolve and liquefy the fibrin of an existing clot are referred to as ________________.
thrombolytics or fibrinolytic
When injury or trauma occurs to a blood vessel, the clotting mechanism begins with the formation of ________________.
thromboplastin