Chapter 10 - Respiration and Artificial Ventilation

Which of the following statements best describes the exchange of gas in the alveoli? a) Air moves into the alveoli, blood is transported by the pulmonary capillaries, and diffusion occurs b) Air moves into the airway, blood arrives via the pulmonary veins, and osmosis occurs. c) Blood moves by way of the pulmonary capillaries, air arrives at the alveoli, and osmosis occurs. d) Blood moves from the left heart to the lungs, air arrives in the alveoli sacs, and diffusion occurs

a) Air moves into the alveoli, blood is transported by the pulmonary capillaries, and diffusion occurs

Which of the following oxygen cylinders would normally run out after 50 minutes when flowing at 10 liters per minute? Assume a pressure of 2,000 psi displayed on the pressure gauge. a) E cylinder b) D cylinder c) G cylinder d) M cylinder

a) E cylinder

Which of the following can cause respiratory depression? a) End-stage COPD changes the stimulus to breathe from high carbon dioxide levels to low oxygen levels, causing breathing to become depressed when oxygen is administered b) High concentrations of oxygen depress breathing when the patient has an allergic reaction to administered oxygen. c) The lungs react unfavorably to high concentrations of oxygen administered for long periods of time and breathing becomes depressed d) The eyes develop scar tissue on the retina from high concentrations of oxygen, leading to breathing becoming depressed.

a) End-stage COPD changes the stimulus to breathe from high carbon dioxide levels to low oxygen levels, causing breathing to become depressed when oxygen is administered

For life to be maintained, a balance of oxygen and carbon dioxide is needed. The condition when oxygen levels are low is called: a) hypoxia b) hypercapnia c) hyperventilation d) hypoperfusion

a) hypoxia

The movement of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the alveoli and circulating blood is called: a) pulmonary respiration b) internal respiration. c) diffusion d) cellular respiration

a) pulmonary respiration

The normal urge to breathe is stimulated by chemoreceptors that measure changing levels of what two gases? a) Hydrogen and carbon monoxide b) Carbon dioxide and oxygen c) Hydrogen and carbon dioxide d) Carbon monoxide and oxygen

b) Carbon dioxide and oxygen

Which of the following best describes inadequate breathing? a) the minute volume is greater than normal b) the minute volume is less than normal c) the respiratory rate is faster than normal d) the respiratory rate is slower than normal

b) the minute volume is less than normal

Your patient is a motorcyclist who was ejected after striking a guard rail. The patient is unresponsive to painful stimuli and is breathing shallowly six to eight times per minute. Which of the following should you do first? a) apply a cervical collar b) use a bag-valve mask with supplemental oxygen c) perform and trauma assessment d) apply a nonrebreather mask with an oxygen flow rate of 15 lpm

b) use a bag-valve mask with supplemental oxygen

The oxygen flow rate for a nasal cannula should not exceed ________ liters per minute. a) 2 b) 8 c) 6 d) 4

c) 6

Before applying a nonrebreather mask, the EMT should take what action? a) Connect the mask to a humidified oxygen source and wait for the patient's heart rate to slow b) Insert a properly sized oropharyngeal airway. c) Inflate the reservoir bag and make sure the bag does not deflate during inspiration d) Make sure the oxygen supply has greater than 2,000 psi in the tank

c) Inflate the reservoir bag and make sure the bag does not deflate during inspiration

Why is inhalation described as an active process? a) It requires the diaphragm to relax and use energy to move, creating a negative pressure b) It requires chest muscles to relax and use energy to move, creating a positive pressure c) It requires chest muscles to contract and use energy to move, creating a negative pressure d) It requires the diaphragm to contract and use energy to move, creating a positive pressure

c) It requires chest muscles to contract and use energy to move, creating a negative pressure

Which of the following is necessary to deliver oxygen to patients at a safe pressure? a) Float ball b) Flowmeter c) Regulator d) Filter

c) Regulator

Which of the following describes why fast respiration may decrease minute volume? a) It is due to the delay in the movement of the intercostal muscles and the pleural space. b) The rate causes turbulence in the trachea that increases the friction and decreases the amount of air movement c) The lungs may not have adequate time to fill and exchange gas. d) The rate does not decrease minute volume; it actually increases it

c) The lungs may not have adequate time to fill and exchange gas.

Your patient is a 55-year-old man with a history of chronic bronchitis. You have been called to his home today because of an increase in his level of respiratory distress. The patient is on 2 liters per minute of oxygen by nasal cannula at home. Your assessment reveals difficulty speaking due to shortness of breath, leaning forward to breathe, a productive cough, and a respiratory rate of 32 per minute. Which of the following is true concerning the best course of action for this patient? a) You should increase the patient's oxygen flow rate until his respiratory rate decreases and then resume oxygen administration at 2 liters per minute. b) Because increased blood levels of carbon dioxide are the primary stimulus to breathe, you should encourage the patient to rebreathe his exhaled air from a paper bag c) You should increase the patient's oxygen flow rate to deliver adequate amounts of oxygen to his tissues. If his respiratory rate decreases, you can assist him with a bag-valve-mask device. d) You should not increase the patient's oxygen flow rate because of his likely dependence on a hypoxic drive to stimulate breathing.

c) You should increase the patient's oxygen flow rate to deliver adequate amounts of oxygen to his tissues. If his respiratory rate decreases, you can assist him with a bag-valve-mask device.

What are the signs of hypoxia? a) Disease process that robs the patient of adequate breathing and perfusion b) Warm dry skin, difficulty breathing, and hypertension c) Irreversible shock caused by the lack of blood flowing to the vital organs like the brain and hear d) Cyanosis (blue or gray skin) and deterioration of the patient's mental status

d) Cyanosis (blue or gray skin) and deterioration of the patient's mental status