Chapter 10
What is Capital Flight?
Capital (factories/means of production) moves from one nation to another
Slavery in the pre-Civil War American South most closely resembled a. chattel Slavery b. debt Bondage c. relative Poverty d. peonage
Chattel Slavery
A sociologist who focuses on the way that multinational corporations headquartered in core nations exploit the local workers in their peripheral nation factories is using a _________ perspective to understand the global economy.
Conflict Theory
France might be classified as which kind of nation? a) global b)Core c)semi-peripheral d)peripheral
Core
Faith has a full-time job and two children. She has enough money for the basics and can pay her rent each month, but she feels that, with her education and experience, her income should be enough for her family to live much better than they do. Faith is experiencing: a. global poverty b. subjective poverty c. absolute poverty d. relative poverty
b) subjective poverty Subjective poverty: it is subjectively present when your actual income does not meet your expectations or perceptions.
What is debt bondage?
is a person's pledge of their labor/services as security for the repayment for a debt or other obligation.
In the past, the United States manufactured clothes. Many clothing corporations have shut down their American factories and relocated to China. This is an example of:
Capital flight
If a sociologist points out that core nations dominate the global economy, in part by creating global interest rates and international tariffs that will inevitably favor high-income nations over low-income nations, he is a: a. functionalist b. dependency theorist c. modernization theorist d. symbolic interactionist
Dependency Theory (dependency theory suggests that low income countries will never develop, china proves this wrong)
If a sociologist says that nations evolve towards more advanced technology and more complex industry as their citizens learn cultural values that celebrate hard work and success, she is using _______ theory to study the global economy. a. modernization theory b. dependency theory c. modern dependency theory d. evolutionary dependency theory
a) modernization theory
Dependency theorists explain global inequality and global stratification by focusing on the way that: a. core nations and peripheral nations exploit semi-peripheral nations b. semi-peripheral nations exploit core nations c. peripheral nations exploit core nations d. core nations exploit peripheral nations
d) Core nations exploit peripheral nations
Maya is a 12-year-old girl living in Thailand. She is homeless, and often does not know where she will sleep or when she will eat. We might say that Maya lives in _________ poverty. a. subjective b. absolute c. relative d. global
Absolute
A sociologist working from a symbolic interaction perspective would: a) study how inequality is created and reproduced b) study how corporations can improve the lives of their low-income workers c) try to understand how companies provide an advantage to high-income nations compared to low-income nations d) want to interview women working in factories to understand how they manage the expectations of their supervisors, make ends meet, and support their households on a day-to- day basis
D **Symbolic interactionists study the day-to-day impacts of global inequality
Mike, a college student, rents a studio apartment. He cannot afford a television and lives on cheap groceries like dried beans and ramen noodles. Since he does not have a regular job, he does not own a car. Mike is living in: a. global poverty b. absolute poverty c. subjective poverty d. relative poverty
D) Relative Poverty relative poverty: is a state of living where people can afford necessities but are unable to meet their societies "average standard of living"
A ____________ perspective theorist might find it particularly noteworthy that wealthy corporations improve the quality of life in peripheral nations by providing workers with jobs, pumping money into the local economy, and improving transportation infrastructure.
Functional (they're looking at the positive)
One flaw in dependency theory is the unwillingness to recognize _______. a. that previously low-income nations such as China have successfully developed their economies and can no longer be classified as dependent on core nations b. that previously high-income nations such as China have been economically overpowered by low-income nations entering the global marketplace c. that countries such as China are growing more dependent on core nations d. that countries such as China do not necessarily want to be more like core nations
a) previously low income countries can successfully develop their economies Dependency Theory: low income(peripheral nations) are dependent on core nations and they always will be
One flaw in modernization theory is the unwillingness to recognize _________. a. that semi-peripheral nations are incapable of industrializing b. that peripheral nations prevent semi-peripheral nations from entering the global market c. its inherent ethnocentric bias d. the importance of semi-peripheral nations industrializing
c) Its inherent ethnocentric bias (this means they believe that the best thing for a country is to be industrialized just like we are, they assume everyone wants to be like us) Modernization Theory: low-income countries are affected by their lack of industrialization and can improve their global economic strength through: 1)an adjustment of cultural values/attitudes to work 2)industrialization and other forms of economic growth
In an American town, a mining company owns all the stores and most of the houses. They sell goods to the workers at inflated prices, offer house rentals for twice what a mortgage would be, and make sure to always pay the workers less than needed to cover food and rent. Once the workers are in debt, they have no choice but to continue working for the company, since their skills will not transfer to a new position. This most closely resembles: a. child slavery b. chattel slavery c. debt slavery d. servile marriage
c) debt slavery