Chapter 10

blood brain barrier

a filtering mechanism of the capillaries that carry blood to the brain and spinal cord tissue, blocking the passage of certain substances.

cerebral aqueduct

a narrow tube interconnecting the third and fourth ventricles of the brain

choroid plexus

a vascular network in each ventricle that forms CSF by filtration of the blood and by cellular secretion.

hydrocephalus

accumulation of fluid in the spaces of the brain

Amygdala

aggression, fear, anxiety center; two of them found in temporal lobes

frontal lobe

anterior to central sulcus (judgement, emotion, and creativity are here); broca is found here

what happens if the wernicke area is damaged?

that person will not understand/comprehend what others are saying

pituitary gland

"master gland" as it controls all other endocrine glands (thyroid, etc.)

CSF forms or flows in...?

4 ventricles in the brain and arachnoid

gray cortex folds

gyrus and sulcus

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)

Fluid produced in the ventricles of the brain that flows in the subarachnoid space and bathes the meninges.

How are the cerebral hemispheres divided?

They are divided into lobes, frontal, parietal, occipital, and temporal

corpus callosum

connects cerebral hemispheres for full sensory; a thick band of axons that connects the two cerebral hemispheres and acts as a communication link between them

primary motor area

conscious control of skeletal muscles

Hypothalamus

controls autonomic system and pituitary gland secretions with its own RELEASING horomones; regulates temperature, sleep, sex, thirst, etc.; link between central nervous system and endocrine system

limbic system

controls emotional state and aids short/long term memory

cerebellum

coordinates/adjusts fine and gross muscle movements, proprioception, balance, muscle tone, in a complex process with motor corqtex

What are the three layers of meninges?

dura mater, arachnoid, pia mater

contralateral control

each hemisphere of the brain controls the opposite side of the body

gyrus

elevated, have specific functions

Hippocampus

forms new memories and emotions. Its job is to take in info and then relay it to areas of the cortex for long term storage

tight junction proteins

fuse endothelial cells lining capillaries

thalamus

gray matter, all sensory moves through it as it reads/directs it to specific part of cortex

sulcus

grooves/fissures

outer gray cortex

highly evolved, used for reason thought, memory, emotion, sensory, and motor neurons

temporal lobe

inferior to lateral sulcus; overlay temporal bone; auditory reception/association; wernicke area; olfactory

arbor vitae

inner white, outer gray

Diencephalon

interbrain; located between brain and brain stem

parietal lobe

parietal bones, posterior to central sulcus; gyrus posterior to central sulcus; primary sensory area; receiving stimuli from skin for pain, touch, or pressure

arachnoid matter

middle layer of meninges which contains loosely arranged collagen and elastic fibers

broca

motor area to control speech muscles

If someone shows you how to draw something and your hippocampus has been damaged, how is it that you may actually get better at drawing it over successive trials?

motor centers remember

cortisol response

neurons connect to hypothalamus so we can release hormones for sympathetic system fight or flight response

occipital lobe

posterior to parietal lobe, extends over cerebellum; visual receiving/association

medulla oblongata

regulates vasomotor properties such as dilation and contraction of blood vessel smooth muscle automatically; governs sympathetic system related to digestion

central sulcus

separates frontal and parietal lobes

wwhat do mri and pet scans do?

show what part of the brain does what

wernicke area

speech word comprehension slightly posterior to auditory receiving

midbrain

superior brain stem; (motor reflexes of eye); conducts signals between thalamus and cerebrum and cord

astrocytic end feet

surround blood vessels as another barrier other parts of astrocyte will connect to neurons

dura mater

thick, outermost layer of the meninges surrounding and protecting the brain and spinal cord

pia mater

thin, delicate inner membrane of the meninges

pons

white fibers to connect cerebellum to rest of brain cortex; important respiration center

internal layer of the cerebrum

white matter (myelin) to connect various areas of the brain