Chapter 10
blood brain barrier
a filtering mechanism of the capillaries that carry blood to the brain and spinal cord tissue, blocking the passage of certain substances.
cerebral aqueduct
a narrow tube interconnecting the third and fourth ventricles of the brain
choroid plexus
a vascular network in each ventricle that forms CSF by filtration of the blood and by cellular secretion.
hydrocephalus
accumulation of fluid in the spaces of the brain
Amygdala
aggression, fear, anxiety center; two of them found in temporal lobes
frontal lobe
anterior to central sulcus (judgement, emotion, and creativity are here); broca is found here
what happens if the wernicke area is damaged?
that person will not understand/comprehend what others are saying
pituitary gland
"master gland" as it controls all other endocrine glands (thyroid, etc.)
CSF forms or flows in...?
4 ventricles in the brain and arachnoid
gray cortex folds
gyrus and sulcus
Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)
Fluid produced in the ventricles of the brain that flows in the subarachnoid space and bathes the meninges.
How are the cerebral hemispheres divided?
They are divided into lobes, frontal, parietal, occipital, and temporal
corpus callosum
connects cerebral hemispheres for full sensory; a thick band of axons that connects the two cerebral hemispheres and acts as a communication link between them
primary motor area
conscious control of skeletal muscles
Hypothalamus
controls autonomic system and pituitary gland secretions with its own RELEASING horomones; regulates temperature, sleep, sex, thirst, etc.; link between central nervous system and endocrine system
limbic system
controls emotional state and aids short/long term memory
cerebellum
coordinates/adjusts fine and gross muscle movements, proprioception, balance, muscle tone, in a complex process with motor corqtex
What are the three layers of meninges?
dura mater, arachnoid, pia mater
contralateral control
each hemisphere of the brain controls the opposite side of the body
gyrus
elevated, have specific functions
Hippocampus
forms new memories and emotions. Its job is to take in info and then relay it to areas of the cortex for long term storage
tight junction proteins
fuse endothelial cells lining capillaries
thalamus
gray matter, all sensory moves through it as it reads/directs it to specific part of cortex
sulcus
grooves/fissures
outer gray cortex
highly evolved, used for reason thought, memory, emotion, sensory, and motor neurons
temporal lobe
inferior to lateral sulcus; overlay temporal bone; auditory reception/association; wernicke area; olfactory
arbor vitae
inner white, outer gray
Diencephalon
interbrain; located between brain and brain stem
parietal lobe
parietal bones, posterior to central sulcus; gyrus posterior to central sulcus; primary sensory area; receiving stimuli from skin for pain, touch, or pressure
arachnoid matter
middle layer of meninges which contains loosely arranged collagen and elastic fibers
broca
motor area to control speech muscles
If someone shows you how to draw something and your hippocampus has been damaged, how is it that you may actually get better at drawing it over successive trials?
motor centers remember
cortisol response
neurons connect to hypothalamus so we can release hormones for sympathetic system fight or flight response
occipital lobe
posterior to parietal lobe, extends over cerebellum; visual receiving/association
medulla oblongata
regulates vasomotor properties such as dilation and contraction of blood vessel smooth muscle automatically; governs sympathetic system related to digestion
central sulcus
separates frontal and parietal lobes
wwhat do mri and pet scans do?
show what part of the brain does what
wernicke area
speech word comprehension slightly posterior to auditory receiving
midbrain
superior brain stem; (motor reflexes of eye); conducts signals between thalamus and cerebrum and cord
astrocytic end feet
surround blood vessels as another barrier other parts of astrocyte will connect to neurons
dura mater
thick, outermost layer of the meninges surrounding and protecting the brain and spinal cord
pia mater
thin, delicate inner membrane of the meninges
pons
white fibers to connect cerebellum to rest of brain cortex; important respiration center
internal layer of the cerebrum
white matter (myelin) to connect various areas of the brain