chapter 11
a(n) _______________ act is a political act that limits marriage to opposite-sex couples, forbids or illegitimizes same-sex marriage, and defines marriage as a union only between a man and a woman.
"defense of marriage"
the average age when individuals choose to come out as gay is _____.
16
the gay rights movement began in _______ with stonewall riot in new york city
1969
jose is a bisexual high-school student who is experiencing ostracism and isolation, and he is considering suicide. according to a survey done in 2011 by the centers for disease control and prevention (CDC), what percentage of gay or bisexual teens attempt suicide?
26-28%
the negative focus on the gay male community with regard to the HIV/AIDS epidemic is alarming because today _______ of HIV infections worldwide are transmitted by _______.
90%, heterosexual intercourse
eric is attending an office party where people are discussing the issue of sexual orientation in relation to HIV/AIDS. at one point, one of the more homophobic men comments, "if it wasn't for the gays, we wouldn't even have this problem in our country!" what form of discrimination does this comment represent?
AIDS stigma
what is the primary difference between a civil union of same-sex partners and traditional, heterosexual marriage?
a civil union is not socially or religiously equated with traditional, heterosexual marriage.
when do most gays and lesbians begin to realize or suspect that they have a nonheterosexual orientation?
around puberty
today's gay/lesbian parents generally prefer to achieve parenthood through ____________.
artificial insemination techniques
what have researchers determined about the belief that homosexual women are more likely than heterosexual women too have had cold, unloving, rejecting mothers and absent fathers?
it is a myth
why have bisexuals been given little attention in the scientific research about sexual orientation?
many researchers believed that bisexuals were really gay or lesbian
what does your text conclude about the different theories regarding the origins of sexual orientation?
none of the theories are convincing from a scientific perspective
gay bashing is legally classified as a _______.
hate crime
kevin and ken are identical twins. kevin is gay. given this fact, there is a _______ chance that ken is gay than there would be if his twin were heterosexual.
higher
abby and james have an eight-year-old daughter who prefers to wear boys' clothing, agrees to playdates with boys only, and only wants to play football. alarmed that she may grow up to be a lesbian if they do not demand she engage in gender-conforming behavior, they have forced their daughter to attend an all-girls school. what psychological theory on the cause of sexual orientation are these parents responding to (probably without knowing it)?
bern's "exotic becomes erotic" theory (EBE)
ken is a self-proclaimed bisexual who has experienced prejudice and discrimination in his almost exclusively heterosexual hometown. when he moved to new york city, the one thing he did not expect was to be told by gay men in a gay bar to "pick a lane." why is this happening to ken?
bisexual men experience prejudice and discrimination from both heterosexual and nonheterosexual groups, and are often not accepted by either group.
dr. jenny is a professor teaching human sexuality 306 at a local college, and is openly lesbian. though she has published three books and is considered a national expert in her field, students avoid her classes in favor of a heterosexual junior faculty member teaching the same course. in your assessment of the research on anti-gay bias in college, what could be the reason dr. jenny is experiencing avoidance on the part of students?
dr. jenny is perceived as less believable and less effective at learning outcomes than a straight instructor.
the most effective way to reduce the degrading and often dangerous barriers faced by nonheterosexuals is to _________.
educate the public on the myths and consequences of prejudicial intolerance of nonheterosexuals through multiple community, schools, and private educational programs
mark and sean are one of many gay couples living in new york city. compared to the many heterosexual couples also living there, they are generally more affectionate and humorous when they disagree, use fewer hostile and controlling tactics, and take things less personally when they fight. these qualities point to the difference in _______________ between gay and straight romantic relationships.
emotional interactions
tom and mark live in a state where gay marriage was recently declared legal, and are anxious to be married before their right is challenged or revoked in their state. they share the same feelings of love and commitment heterosexual couples do, but are also choosing marriage for a host of other reasons heterosexuals take for granted. what might those reasons include?
family benefits and protections
in just one week, the school nurse at memorial high school has been visited by two teens who are depressed and considering suicide as they struggle with their gay sexuality and coming-out process. as a resource, the nurse offers two websites to assist them in their struggle. according to your text, what are the two most important websites that assist teens with the issues of coming out and suicidal thoughts?
gay, lesbian, and straight education network and the trevor project
when the CDC and NIH first began working to identify and isolate the cause of the growing HIV/AIDS epidemic, its predominance in the gay male community resulted in the virus being initially called ________, a label that lasted less than a year.
gay-related immune deficiency (GRID)
joann is attracted to both men and women, and identifies as a woman. she has been sexually intimate with both genders, and belongs to an LGBT support group as well as an all-heterosexual female sorority. her significant other is the captain of the football team. according to the american pychological associations definition of sexual orientation (APA, 2014), these variations in joann's lifestyle are ______________.
normal
when all arguments for biological factors as the root cause of sexual orientation are considered, two things become clear: sexual orientation is __________, and change strategies used by anti-gay or religious groups are __________.
not a choice; ineffective and often cruel
the negative effects of AIDS stigma extend to anyone with HIV and/or AIDs, as well as anyone associated with groups believed to have contributed to the spread of HIV, particularly the gay male community. of all the "prejudicial myths of AIDS stigma" outlined in your text, which one has the highest percentage of believers?
people with HIV/AIDS are personally responsible for their own illness
a group of people protected under federal and state antidiscrimination laws is called a ____________ class of people.
protected
according to the FBI hate crime statistics for 2012, crimes against gay and lesbian individuals have increased from 2009, and comprise the _______ most common category of hate crimes.
second
one of the primary obstacles to being nonheterosexual is that general society often overlooks the variations of social, cultural, and individual life, and sees nonheterosexual persons through the lens of only one behavior: __________.
sexual activity
the term ___________specifies the sex of those to whom an individual is primarily romantically, emotionally, and sexually attracted.
sexual orientation
a common misconception about bisexual individuals is that they are _____________ and do not make distinctions in their sexual activities or relationships.
sexually promiscuous
____________ was one of the first neurobiologists to report a measurable difference in heterosexual and homosexual males, leading to a theory that sexual orientation is a natural biological variation in humans and not a lifestyle choice.
simon levay
the results of brain studies comparing MRIs and PET scans of heterosexual and homosexual individuals have presented three major findings on the differences between individuals with these sexual orientations: differences are present at birth; they are not subject to change with environmental influences; and _________________________.
the brains of gay men are similar to those of straight women, while the brains of gay women are similar to those of straight men
the two primary factors that predict overall satisfaction in and quality of both heterosexual and nonheterosexual relationships are ________.
the couples' emotional interactions and amount of familiar social support
hormonal explanations for nonheterosexual orientations tend to focus on _______________.
the exposure of the fetus in the uterus to male or female hormones
ron is a 24-year-old gay male who is HIV-positive. he is under medical care and has not yet developed AIDS. he believes he will never have sexual partner if he tells people about his infection, so he uses a condom but does not tell potential partners he is HIV-positive. your text considers this problematic behavior a result of ________.
the negative effects of AIDS stigma
what does the psychological defense mechanism called a "reaction formation" suggest about gay bashers?
they are in deep denial that they themselves are gay
alex and annette are the adopted children of a gay couple. based on this information, what can we assume about them?
they are no more or less likely than children of heterosexual couples to have any particular sexual orientation.
how are the two models of the coming out process proposed by cass and troiden similar to each other?
they share basic stages and challenges that gay people confront during this process.
which of the following national employers, which the ACLU identifies as the nation's largest, openly discriminated against gays and lesbians until very recently?
u.s. military (all branches)
what did alfred kinsey conclude about the difference between homosexuality and heterosexuality?
very few people are exclusively heterosexual or exclusively homosexual. most people fall somewhere in between, on a continuum, throughout their lifetimes.