Chapter 11
15. Most relational database systems support: a) Referential integrity b) Pop-up menus c) Customizable user-interface colors and graphics d) The 'three-clicks' rule e) Broadband connectivity
A
2. An activity of the data storage design process is to: a) Convert logical ERDs into physical ERDs b) Convert logical use cases into physical use cases c) Convert program specifications into actual code d) Convert flat files into Access database tables e) B and C above
A
21. A type of relational database that is used extensively in data warehousing is: a) Multidimensional databases b) Visio databases c) Brick-and-mortar databases d) Stacking databases e) More than one of the above
A
24. Marco is working for iTunes and needs to have a database that can store complex data. His best choice might be: a) An object database b) A relational database c) A red-green database d) A tree database e) A spanning database
A
28. The project team is very knowledgeable about relational database management systems. In terms of feasibility, this might be best known as: a) Technical feasibility ('can we build it') b) Economic feasibility ('should we build it') c) Managerial feasibility ('why would we build it') d) Graphical feasibility ('does it fit this project') e) Organizational feasibility ('if we build it, will they use it')
A
31. The purpose of creating physical ERDs is to: a) Show implementation details and to explain more about the 'how' of the final system b) Normalize the database to third normal form c) Do a new technology analysis d) Drive the users nuts e) Help junior analysts to find the transactions between systems
A
35. When you join two relational database tables together, frequently the primary key in one table will be a ____________ in the other table. a) Foreign key b) International key c) Primary key d) Linked list e) Entity
A
36. Which is not an element of a CRUD matrix? a) Combine or join b) Update or refresh c) Erase or delete d) Read or retrieve e) Make or create
A
42. Generally, the best way to optimize data storage for efficiency is: a) Normalization b) Redundancy c) Null values d) Insertion of hard returns <CR> after all fields e) Through minimizing the data to be collected to no more than seven fields per table
A
48. The concept for planning good performance of databases is known as: a) Volumetrics b) Econometrics c) Moving averages d) Correlation e) PERT
A
6. Which is not an enterprise DBMS? a) Microsoft Access b) SQL Server c) Oracle d) DB2 e) Jasmine
A
105. What is the difference between end-user databases and enterprise databases (and give at least one end-user database product and at least one enterprise database)?
An end-user database can reside on the end-users computer - and support the processes and activities of that one person or a very small workgroup. Enterprise databases reside on servers and support multiple users (or the entire business or entire enterprise). Microsoft Access might be the most common end-user database; and Oracle, DB2, Sybase, Informix, SQL Server, SAP might be considered as enterprise database systems.
11. This type of file records "before" and "after" images of data as the data gets altered. a) Intelligent files b) Audit files c) Master files d) Raw files e) Prime files
B
26. The type of processing system that creates reports for supervisors (and other functional users) probably would be a: a) Transaction Processing System (TPS) b) Management Information System (MIS) c) Executive Support System (ESS) d) Decision Support System (DSS) e) Rebate Management System (RMS)
B
30. Which is NOT a step in moving from a logical data model to a physical data model? a) Change entities to tables (or files) b) Change data flows to create / read / update / delete (CRUD) operations c) Change Attributes to Fields d) Add primary keys e) Add foreign keys
B
34. Primary keys are: a) The same as default keys (or default values) b) Unique values for each record in a file or table c) Elementary values (like 'primary' school) d) Prime numbers in a Fibonacci sequence e) The same as foreign keys
B
37. The CRUD matrix shows a) The crud that is coming into the system and how to quarantine it b) Exactly how data are used and created by the major processes in the system c) The 1:M relationships on an ERD diagram d) The external entities, process and major data flows from the Context DFD diagram e) Where customer, relationships, users and developers will interact with a system
B
39. The most efficient tables (in terms of storage efficiency) in relational database management systems: a) Have duplicate data, especially for when more than one table is joined together for queries b) Have no redundant data c) Are denormalized d) Have entire tables duplicated e) Use plasma technologies
B
4. The two basic formats for data storage: a) Spreadsheets and documents b) Files and databases c) Databases and presentations d) Flash and web forms e) ERDs and Use cases
B
46. The concept of putting records that are somehow related together on the same server (or storage device) is called: a) Carmelization b) Clustering c) Joining d) Normalization e) Hybrid technologies
B
7. Juan is using a file that is created by an older, legacy system. It is likely that the data is: a) Unusable b) In a proprietary format c) In a standard format (like comma separated value) d) Is sorted by customer's middle name e) In a object-oriented structure like Ariel
B
1. The data storage design activity is done in which phase of the Systems Development Life Cycle? a) Planning b) Analysis c) Design d) Implementation e) Evaluation
C
13. Legacy databases might include ________ and ______________ a) Master files and transaction files b) Audit files and look-up files c) Hierarchical databases and network databases d) Tree databases and leaf databases e) Red databases and Green databases
C
17. Which of the following is NOT a relational database management system product? a) MySQL b) Access c) Photoshop d) Oracle e) Informix
C
18. A pure OODBMS product named in the textbook is: a) Belle b) Ariel c) Jasmine d) Emerald e) Informix
C
22. In most cases, decision support systems are best at: a) Finding particular records that are stored in legacy databases b) Finding processes that are stored in object databases c) Finding aggregated data d) Analyzing audit (or log) files for possible intrusion and security breaches e) Red and green linked list processing
C
40. Null values a) Are valuable in database storage as they provide space for growth b) Will be replaced with zeros when the tables are optimized c) Threaten data integrity because they are difficult to interpret d) Only exist in multidimensional databases e) Have been outlawed by California and six other states
C
44. One common method to increase access speed is to: a) Use legacy databases in a indexed sequential access method b) Encrypt all data with 256 byte encryption c) Denormalize the tables d) Delete all primary keys e) Only use alphabetic data
C
45. Which of the following is NOT a possible process in denormalization? a) Include a parent entity's attributes in its child entry on the physical data model b) Look carefully at relationships to see which entities are frequently accessed together c) Rewarding abnormal actions with more processing MIPS d) Develop look-up tables that include the description along with the code e) Use a star schema design to imitate a multidimensional database
C
47. A good time-saver for accessing data might be the use of: a) A red-green tree b) PERT c) An index d) Relational calculus e) Inverted menus
C
49. Volumetrics is: a) The use of indexes for each table b) The joining of primary keys, secondary keys and foreign keys. c) The estimating of the amount of data that the hardware will need to support d) Muting the sound aspects of multimedia files on multidimensional databases e) When one overuses hairspray
C
5. Which of the following is an open source DBMS? a) Microsoft Access b) SQL Server c) MySQL d) Excel e) CASE
C
9. This type of file stores 'core information that is important to the business' and for the application (such as customer mailing lists). a) History Files b) Audit files c) Master files d) Transaction files e) Intelligent files
C
109. What is the CRUD matrix and why should it be updated in the data storage design activity? Give an example of who can "C", "R", "U" and "D" for a company and sample systems.
CRUD stands for create, read, update and delete. A CRUD matrix highlghts what activities can be accomplished on particular tables by particular users. As we move to physical data storage, we need to verify (again) who really can create data files (database tables); who can only read the tables; who can update the tables; and ultimately, who can delete the data / tables. For example, a clerk in the payroll office might be able to read payroll files and can (in some cases) update certain information in the data tables, but not create, or delete the files. A manager in the payroll office should have full access to create, read, update and delete tables. An employee in the shipping room probably has no access to any payroll information (or only limited access to his/her payroll information).
10. This type of file is used to update a master file: a) Roster Files b) Training files c) Master files d) Transaction files e) Integrated files
D
14. The most popular type of database today is the: a) Hierarchical database b) Tree database c) Green database d) Relational database e) Piecemeal database
D
20. Which of the following is a concept not generally associated with decision support systems? a) Data warehouses b) Data marts c) Aggregated data d) Object orientation e) Multidimensional databases
D
25. FoodTitan is a large grocery store chain in the Chicago, Milwaukee, and the Upper Midwest. Generally their stores have from 18 to 36 checkout lanes with scanners. When somebody scans a bar code, the system is probably using a _____ to process the purchased items. a) Executive support system (ESS) b) Barcode processing system (BPS) c) Management information system (MIS) d) Transaction Processing system (TPS) e) A grocery store processing system (GSPS)
D
29. Leon has been reading about new technologies in data storage and he is really excited about object databases. In particular, the new SANS storage with fiber optic connection was recently written up in CIO Magazine as an exciting new development on the database scene. The project team should: a) Go with Leon's idea as it seems to be an exciting development b) Go with a cube database system as it might be the bridge between SANS storage/ object databases and relational databases c) Ignore Leon as a terrible dreamer who has no concept of reality d) Discuss the options as a group, but try to caution Leon about the potential steep learning curve e) None of the above
D
3. Which of the following is not a general function of any application program? a) Data storage b) Presentation logic c) Data access logic d) Linked-list modules e) Application logic
D
33. A default value is: a) The first value in a table b) The median value in a table c) The smallest value in a table d) A value that probably occurs most frequently e) A mistake made by Dee (aka the name "Dee's fault")
D
41. Barb is working on a database design. For the most efficient storage she should remove: ______ and ______. a) Primary keys and foreign keys b) International keys and redundancy c) Adjectives and adverbs d) Redundancy and null values e) Special characters and primary keys
D
43. In a registration database, Ross has tables for student, professor, classroom, class, class-hour. Since his campus has about 12,000 students, when he runs queries about what student is in what class, taught by what professor in what classroom at which hour, the DBMS software will have to perform many _________ a) Axes b) Parallels c) Concretes d) Joins e) Enrolls
D
8. Which of the following is NOT a file type described in the textbook? a) History files b) Audit files c) Look-up files d) Algebra files e) Transaction files
D
12. Which is NOT a type of database file? a) Hierarchical databases b) Relational databases c) Object databases d) Multidimensional databases e) Federal database
E
16. The acronym for the standard language used to access data in relational databases is: a) ERD b) CRM c) ERP d) BPR e) SQL
E
19. Object databases support the concept that all things have both _______ and _____________. a) Length and width b) Depth and stature c) Primary keys and secondary keys d) Positives and negatives e) Data and processes
E
23. Omar is creating an order database for a multiple site car dealership. The data will be fairly simple: names, addresses, city, state, zipcode, make of car, model, style, color, etc. Probably the best choice for him would be a _____________ database. a) Multidimensional b) Hierarchical c) Legacy d) Object e) Relational
E
27. Systems that support decision making will probably: a) Do a lot of updating of data b) Be transaction processing systems c) Be audit files d) Use Gantt charts e) Usually just read data - and often in ad hoc ways
E
32. Which is not a common data type? a) Character b) Text c) Integer d) Date e) Video
E
38. Ralph is looking at a table with the following key fields: Order ID Customer ID 2156 428 2157 873 2158 201 2159 428 2160 043 2161 195 This table: a) Is table is not fully normalized b) Is in third normal form c) Has a primary key of customer id d) Has a foreign key of order id e) Cannot be fully evaluated from the data provided
E
50. Many ________ tools like ERwin can help you with database size information and the calculation of volumetrics. a) ERD master b) DFD master c) Denormalization d) Pop-up menu e) CASE
E
52. Data storage components are designed and developed by the programming staff in the Implementation phase of the SDLC.
False
54. One of the goals of the data storage design activity in the Design Phase of the SDLC is to revise logical use cases into physical use cases.
False
58. One activity in the data storage design activity is to update the CRUDE matrix.
False
60. One goal is data storage design is to spread the data over all storage devices so that the redundancy will make for more efficient storage.
False
61. Files are paper files that have been scanned into PDF files for quicker access.
False
62. DBMS stands for Direct Binary Manipulation System.
False
64. MySQL is a popular database management system made by Microsoft.
False
67. Most relational database management systems support 'sticky' quantitative processing.
False
69. The standard method language for accessing the data in relational database tables is: SQL - Standard Query Logic.
False
71. An 'international key' is used to relate two tables together (like customer ID from the customer table is an international key in the order table).
False
74. A great advantage of object oriented database management systems is their easy of learning.
False
75. Informix is a pure OODBMS package.
False
78. Data marts are larger, aggregated legacy databases.
False
79. A DSS is a design support structure and does the 'ETL' (extract, transform and load) to create data warehouses.
False
81. When working on a major project, project teams will always select and stay with only one database format for consistency of development and use.
False
82. Maria is working for the Minneapolis Dance Troop (MDT) and wants a database that can support text, numbers, video, and audio. She will probably select the multidimensional database format.
False
83. Brian wants an e-commerce system to be able to do a lot of rapid processing - like search for particular keywords in documents; return the price of an item; update quantities in the shopping cart. He is probably building an Expert System.
False
87. Systems to support decision making generally need to update data frequently with a large volume of data.
False
89. One process when considering data storage design is to move from physical data models to logical data models.
False
92. Sanjay is creating a screen form that interfaces with a relational database. He should use the median (middle) value in the database as his default value - as that will make it easier for the users to move up and down in the table.
False
93. When converting a logical ERD into a physical data model, you will want to specify both primary keys and international keys.
False
97. The two primary ways to optimize a relational database are (a) for storage efficiency and (b) for using the smallest amount of space.
False
98. The best design for accessing data faster is generally the most efficient storage as well.
False
102. What is the difference between files and relational databases?
Files are electronic lists of data (and frequently in one of these types: master-files; look-up files, transaction files, audit files; history-files) and relational databases are tables (with primary keys and foreign keys) for easier use by developers (although can be more inefficient as far as the actual computer is concerned). Relational database are the most common type of database in use currently.
107. In chapter 2, we talked about 'technical feasibility' (with the interpretation of 'can we build it'). How might that apply to selecting a relational database, a object database, or a multidimensional database?
If a company / development group is very strong in relational databases, the technical feasibility is high (and the risk is low); but if that company / development group does not have skills in object databases (or multidimensional databases), the technical feasibility is low and the risk becomes higher.
106. What is the difference between MIS, DSS, and EIS?
MIS is management information system; DSS is decision support sytems; EIS is executive information systems. MIS tends to be more focused toward providing reports and information for managers. DSS tends to be focused toward providing support for making decisions. EIS tends to be focused toward providing high end decision support for upper managers. MIS might be built on transaction processing and reports; DSS might need data warehousing and data marts; EIS needs more 'forward thinking' data sources and more aggregated data for executive decision making.
104. If you were considering a media rich database (like the example of Tune Source in the textbook), what type of database organization might be best and why?
Object Databases would be a wise choice as they have both data and processes and are used to support multimedia applications or systems that involve complex data.
103. What is SQL? And what is its usage in relational databases?
SQL is the acronym for Structured Query Language. SQL is the standard language for accessing the data in the tables and it operates on complete tables (as compared to individual records in the tables). SQL is the standard for retrieving information from a relational database.
108. What are the steps in moving from logical to physical data models?
Step 1 - change entities to tables or files Step 2 - change attributes to fields Step 3 - add primary keys Step 4 - add foreign keys Step 5 - add system-related components
110. What is the best way to optimize storage efficiency in a relational database?
The best way to optimize storage efficiency in a relational database is to normalize it - remove redundancy and null values.
111. What is the best ways to optimize access speed in relational databases?
The best ways to optimize access speed in relational databases is to use denormalization, indexes, and clustering.
101. What is the purpose of data storage design?
The purpose of data storage design is to design the data storage components of the systems. From changing the logical data model into a physical data model; to deciding on a data format - from files to databases; to analyzing optimization - from storage optimization to access optimization.
100. The most efficient tables in a relational database in terms of storage space have no redundant data and very few null values.
True
51. One of the activities of the design phase is to design the data storage component of the system.
True
53. Data is generally stored in one of two different formats: as files or as databases.
True
55. Applications are of little use without the data that they support.
True
56. Changing the logical data model into a physical data model is one of the activities of data storage design.
True
57. Mike is an analyst doing data storage design activities. He will probably want to make sure that the DFDs and the ERDs balance.
True
59. Sometimes in data storage design there will need to be trade-offs between storage efficiency and processing speed and efficiency.
True
63. Microsoft Access is an end-user DBMS.
True
65. DB2 is a enterprise database management system.
True
66. The most popular kind of database for applications development today is the relational database.
True
68. Referential integrity is the idea of ensuring that values linking the tables together through the primary and foreign keys are valid and correctly synchronized.
True
70. Relational databases are based on collections of tables each of which has a primary key.
True
72. Jasmine is an example of an object-oriented database system.
True
73. Object databases are build on the concept that all things should be treated as objects that have both data and processes.
True
76. A relational database that is used extensively in data warehousing is a multidimensional database.
True
77. Data warehousing is the practice of taking data from a company's transaction processing systems, transforming the data and storing the data for use in decision support systems.
True
80. Decision support systems are not designed to find individual records, but to find aggregated information (such as 'what three products sold the best in Boston in February').
True
84. MIS stands for Management Information Systems.
True
85. Rachel wants aggregated data like find the number of banking customers who have savings accounts over $100,000 and home mortgages with her bank. She probably wants to use a Decision Support System.
True
86. Transaction processing systems and decision support systems will generally have very different data storage needs.
True
88. Technical feasibility might play a major part in selecting a database system (for example, if a project group and development group are very familiar with relational databases, it might be best to stay with relational databases).
True
90. When changing logical data models to physical data models, you will want to change entities to tables or files.
True
91. When changing from logical data models to physical data models, you will want to change the attributes of the logical ERD to fields in the physical ERD.
True
94. When moving from logical data models to physical data models, you should update your CRUD matrix.
True
95. CRUD stands for 'create', 'read', 'update' and 'delete'.
True
96. A CRUD matrix shows exactly how data are used and created by major processes in the system.
True
99. Although TJ did a lot of work normalizing the database so that it is in third normal form (3NF), he may want to 'denormalize' it so that access might be faster.
True
