Chapter 11 - Homework
3B. During atrial diastole, blood flows passively from the atria to fill their respective ventricles to prepare for systole. During atrial systole, atria contract completing ventricular filling. What is happening during these phases?
-Atria contract to force the remaining blood into the ventricles. -Atrioventricular (AV) valves are open. -Blood flows passively from veins through atria into ventricles.
3C. Click on each event listed and drag it below. Place the events sequentially as they occur during phases 3 and 4 of the cardiac cycle.
1. Intraventricular pressure begins to increase 2. Atrioventricular (AV) valves close 3. Intraventricular pressure rises above arterial pressure 4. Semilunar valves open 5. Ventricular ejection occurs
4C. Which of the following changes would produce the greatest change in total peripheral resistance?
10% change in vessel diameter
4E. Drag the appropriate factors to the respective bins.
DECREASES BLOOD PRESSURE -Increase blood vessel diameter INCREASES BLOOD PRESSURE -Increase blood viscosity -Increase total peripheral resistance -Increase blood vessel length -Increase cardiac output -Increase blood volume
17C. In which chamber is the sinoatrial (SA) node located?
Right atrium.
17A. Which heart chamber pumps blood to the lungs?
Right ventricle.
4A a) __________ : the force of the blood against the vessel wall. b) __________ : the volume of blood pumped out by one ventricle each minute. c) __________ : the amount of friction blood encounters during flow through blood vessels. d) __________ : the friction red blood cells encounter when moving past each other.
a) Blood pressure b) Cardiac output c) Total peripheral resistance d) Blood viscosity
17D. The closing of which valve prevents the backflow of blood into the right ventricle?
The pulmonary valve.
17E. Select the correct statement about the blood flow through the cardiovascular system.
The right and left atria receive venous blood returning to the heart and help to fill the ventricles.
17B. Which valve separates the right atrium from the right ventricle?
Tricuspid valve.
7. What part of the heart's intrinsic conduction system carries impulses into the interventricular septum?
atrioventricular (AV) bundle
15. By what pathway does oxygen leave capillaries to supply body tissues?
diffusion through capillary cell membranes
16. Which of these allows nutrient-rich blood from the placenta to bypass the fetal liver and enter the inferior vena cava?
ductus venosus
6. What is the function of the heart valves?
prevents backflow of blood
11. Which of these describes a fenestrated capillary?
special capillary type with small pores found in tissue where absorption is important
8. Which of these will decrease heart rate?
stimulation by vagus nerves
12. From what organs does the hepatic portal vein receive blood?
stomach, intestine, spleen, and pancreas
5. Through which valve will blood flow when leaving the right atrium?
tricuspid valve
10. Which of the following will slow the heart rate?
vagus nerve stimulation
14. Which type of vessel has a thick tunica media?
artery
9. What chamber of the heart will blood enter after passing through the bicuspid valve?
left ventricle
4D. Drag the appropriate physiological changes to their respective bins.
BLOOD VOLUME -Blood donation -Excessive sweating TOTAL PERIPHERAL RESISTANCE -High-altitude living -Growth -Smoking -Increased sympathetic activity
3E. Match each phrase to its corresponding position within the figure.
IN ORDER FROM LEFT TO RIGHT 1. Blood flows passively through the atria and AV valves 2. Receiving chamber pressure increases; more blood exits through AV valves 3. All valves are closed; ventricular pressure increases 4. Blood is forced through the semilunar valves by high pressure 5. All valves are closed; ventricular pressure decreases
3D. After ventricular contraction, the whole heart is briefly at rest and all the valves are closed. Which of the following statements best summarizes this phase of the cardiac cycle?
Isovolumetric relaxation phase happens during ventricular diastole and the intraventricular pressure decreases.
2B. Drag and drop the correct labels to the appropriate location on this ECG.
TOP -QRS complex: ventricular depolarization LEFT -P wave: atrial depolarization RIGHT -T wave: ventricular repolarization
2A a) __________ : The first wave on an ECG that follows the firing of the SA node. This wave is small and signals the depolarization of the atria immediately before they contract. b) __________ : The large wave that results from the depolarization of the ventricles and precedes the contraction of the ventricles. c) __________ : The third wave that results from currents flowing during the repolarization of the ventricles.
a) P wave b) QRS complex c) T wave
1B a) The membrane surrounding the heart is the __________ b) A surgeon who repairs damaged blood vessels is called a __________ surgeon c) An infection of the liver is called __________ d) __________ is lower than normal blood pressure e) __________ is a condition in which arteries harden
a) Pericardium b) Vascular c) Hepatitis d) Hypotension e) Arteriosclerosis
3A a) During __________, the ventricles fill passively with blood b) During __________, the ventricles contract c) During __________, the ventricles relax and all valves are closed
a) atrial diastole b) systole c) isovolumetric relaxation
1A a) The root word __________ means "liver" b) The root word __________ means "vessel" c) The root word __________ means "hard" d) The root word __________ means "pressure" e) The root word __________ means "heart"
a) hepat- b) vas- c) scler- d) -tension e) cardi-
4B. Blood pressure would INCREASE as a result of a DECREASE in __________.
blood vessel diameter
13. Which arteries carry oxygen-rich blood into the cranial cavity?
internal carotid arteries and vertebral arteries